Archive for February 3, 2013

Assad: Israel ‘Behind Syrian Instability’

February 3, 2013

Assad: Israel ‘Behind Syrian Instability’ – Defense/Security – News – Israel National News.

(And the beat goes on… Yeah, the beat goes on… – JW )

Without Israeli ‘aggression,’ said Bashar al-Assad, Syria would be a very stable place – never mind the revolution in his country

By David Lev

First Publish: 2/3/2013, 6:19 PM
Destruction from Syria's civil war in the town of Saraqeb

Destruction from Syria’s civil war in the town of Saraqeb
AFP/Philippe Desmazes

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad said Sunday that Israel’s purpose in attacking Syria last week was not self defense, but “an attempt to shake the stability of Syria.” Israel “attacked a scientific center, and this reveals Israel’s real purpose and its collaboration with Syria’s enemies,” Assad said. “Syria can deal with the aggression against it,” he said.

Speaking to Iran’s Foreign Minister Sa’id Jalili, Assad related to his claim that Israel had blown up a sensitive Syrian military installation, while ignoring reports that the IDF’s target had been a convoy of advanced weapons being transferred from Syria to Lebanese terror group Hizbullah. Assad also ignored the massive instability in Syria due to the ongoing civil war between rebels and government troops, instead blaming Syria’s instability on “Israeli aggression.”

Israel has not commented on the attack, and has not officially confirmed its involvement, although Defense Minister Ehud Barak earlier Sunday hinted at the possibility that Israel did carry out the attack.

Speaking Saturday, Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu slammed Syria for failing to respond to the alleged Israeli attack. “Why has the Syrian army, which has been attacking its own people with warplanes and tanks for 22 months, not responded to this Israeli operation?” Davutoglu was quoted in Turkey’s Hurriyet newspaper as having asked, when speaking to a group of journalists en route to Serbia.

“Why doesn’t [Bashar al-Assad] throw a stone at the Israeli planes while they fly over his palace and insult his nation’s honor? Why doesn’t he do anything against Israel while he drops bombs on the innocent people of his country,” Davutoglu asked rhetorically. “Is there a secret agreement between Israel and Assad?” Syria, he added, “must do whatever a country that comes under attack should do.”

Iran’s opposition gathers in Paris, calls for regime change in Tehran

February 3, 2013

Iran’s opposition gathers in Paris, calls for regime change in Tehran.

National Council of Resistance of Iran president Maryam Rajavi said "Iran is on the eve of a great leap forward, a change to end this morbid period of dictatorship." (Al Arabiya)

National Council of Resistance of Iran president Maryam Rajavi said “Iran is on the eve of a great leap forward, a change to end this morbid period of dictatorship.” (Al Arabiya)

Iran’s exiled opposition figures gathered in Paris on Saturday said 2013 will be a year of change in the Islamic Republic and urged the boycott of the June presidential election that will choose a successor to Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

The international opposition conference – hosted by the French Committee for a Democratic Iran – came ahead of the 34th anniversary of the 1979 Islamic revolution.

“This election whose only candidates are criminals implicated in the torture, massacre and looting of the Iranian people for 34 years, has no legitimacy in the eyes of the Iranian people and must be boycotted,” the National Council of Resistance of Iran said in a statement.

“Our nation is on the eve of a great leap forward, a change to end this morbid period of dictatorship,” NCRI president Maryam Rajavi told the conference.

“The Iran of tomorrow will be nuclear-free and free of weapons of mass destruction,” she said.

Several political figures from the United States spoke at the conference, including the former speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, Newt Gingrich.

“We should not accept the premise that this dictatorship will last for years and years,” said Gingrich, who was among unsuccessful candidates for the Republican presidential nomination last year.

“We should insist on continuing to increase the sanctions, continuing to increase the isolation, and we need a dramatically greater political campaign inside Iran to give every young Iranian hope that there is a better future,” he said.

Also in attendance was former New Mexico governor Bill Richardson, who said: “The best way to push the regime change is to unify and support democratic movements like the NCRI. This regime change is feasible,” he said.

U.S. Vice President Joe Biden said at the Munich Security Conference on Saturday that the United States was ready to hold talks with Iran on its disputed nuclear program.

“We would be prepared to meet bilaterally with the Iranian leadership… that offer stands but it must be real and tangible,” he said, adding: “We’re not just prepared to do it for the exercise.”

NCRI, which presents itself as a parliament in exile, wants the West to grant it the same recognition it has accorded to the Syrian National Coalition battling to overthrow Syrian strongman Bashar al-Assad.

Iran announces nuclear talks and desire to be part of the Syrian solution

February 3, 2013

Iran announces nuclear talks and desire to be part of the Syrian solution.

( One more consequence of the destruction of Fordow.  It is probably another stalling tactic, but for the first time I’m allowing for the possibility that it’s for real. – JW )

Iran announces fresh nuclear talks with world powers and expresses the willingness to be part of the Syrian solution.(Reuters)

Iran announces fresh nuclear talks with world powers and expresses the willingness to be part of the Syrian solution.(Reuters)

Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi said on Sunday that fresh talks with world powers on Iran’s nuclear drive would be held in Kazakhstan on February 25.

“I have good news, I heard yesterday that 5+1 or EU3+3 will be meeting in Kazakhstan 25th of February,” Salehi said during a panel discussion at the Munich Security Conference.

Iran and six world powers — the United States, Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia — held three rounds of talks last year aimed at resolving the standoff over Iran’s nuclear activities.

Reacting to an offer by US Vice President Joe Biden in Munich on Saturday to hold two-way talks with Iran on its nuclear programme, Salehi said Washington must come to the table with “authentic intention.”

“We have no red line for negotiations, bilateral negotiations when it comes to negotiating over a particular subject,” he said.

“If the subject is the nuclear file, yes we are ready for negotiation but we have to make sure… that the other side this time comes with authentic intention,” he said.

Also at the Munich conference, Salehi spoke with the Syrian opposition leader and said Iran could contribute to finding a solution to the war in the country.

Salehi said Syrian National Coalition chief Moaz al-khatib told him he would be willing to talk with representatives of the Syrian government if prisoners were released signified “a good step forward”.

“If we want to stop the bloodshed we cannot continue putting the blame one side on the other,” Salehi told the Munich Security Conference, adding that he was ready to talk again to the opposition and wanted to be “part of the solution.”

Off Topic: ‘Sunday Times’: Scarfe cartoon ‘serious mistake’

February 3, 2013

‘Sunday Times’: Scarfe cartoon ‘s… JPost – Diplomacy & Politics.

( A “mistake” only because of the heat they’re taking.  The Brits will never forgive Israel for kicking them out of our country. – JW )

02/03/2013 20:35
UK paper issues “unreserved apology” on editorial page for cartoon depicting PM cementing wall with Palestinian blood.

'Sunday Times' anti-Semitic cartoon

‘Sunday Times’ anti-Semitic cartoon Photo: Courtesy
The Sunday Times “apologized unreservedly” Sunday for last week’s cartoon – printed on International Holocaust Memorial day — of Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu cementing a wall with crushed Palestinian bodies and blood.”It is one thing to attack and caricature a leader — and it is as legitimate to attack Israeli leaders in cartoons as anyone else. But it is another thing to reflect in a caricature, even unintentionally, historical iconography that is persecutory or anti-Semitic,” the paper wrote as a leader on its editorial page.

The paper said that the image of Netanyahu “reveling in the blood of Palestinians, crossed a line. The image would have been a mistake on any day but the fact that last Sunday was Holocaust Memorial Day compounded the error.”

Calling publication of the Gerald Scarfe cartoon a “serious mistake,” the paper said it “abhors anti-Semitism and racism of any type and we would never set out to offend the Jewish people — or indeed any other ethnic or religious group.”

The Prime Minister’s Office, which did not comment last week on the offending cartoon, had no comment Sunday either.

The apology appeared in the first edition of the paper since the cartoon originally ran. Last week Rupert Murdoch, whose News Corp. owns the paper, characterized the cartoon as “grotesque” and called on the paper to apologize, and the editor, Martin Ivens, did so during a meeting with leaders of British Jewry.

Scarfe, in a message last week to the Jewish Chronicle, said only that he regretted the timing of the cartoon, saying he was not aware that last Sunday was Holocaust Remembrance Day.

The US Grows Two Big Ones – FWIW

February 3, 2013

The US Grows Two Big Ones – FWIW – YouTube.

The destruction of Fordow has enabled the US to do a 180 on its policy visa vie Iran and Israel.  Obama gave Israel the green light not only for the strike that happened, but for any other strike Israel deems necessary.

Bottom line.  A war is no longer necessary to stop Iran’s quest for the bomb. –  JW

Report: Region’s Armies All on High Alert

February 3, 2013

Report: Region’s Armies All on High Alert – Defense/Security – News – Israel National News.

The armies of Syria, Lebanon and Jordan are all on high alert, a report in a Lebanese newspaper said Sunday.

By David Lev

First Publish: 2/3/2013, 4:21 PM

 

Syrian fighter

Syrian fighter
Reuters

The armies of Syria, Lebanon and Jordan are all on high alert, a report in a Lebanese newspaper said Sunday. The report in Ad-Diar said that the alerts were due to Israel’s attack on a Syrian missile transport and, according to Syrian claims, an attack on a sensitive Syrian military installation.

The report said that the Syrian army has instructed its units to break up into smaller groups, “similar to what Hizbullah has done in south Lebanon.” The strategy is designed to protect troops in the wake of another possible Israeli attack, the report said.

The report added that Syrian troops had joined Hizbullah terrorists in several areas of south Lebanon. According to the report, the Syrian and Hizbullah forces were stationed very close to the Israeli border, in the area of Har Dov (also known as “Sheba Farms”). The Lebanese and Jordanian armies are also on high alert over the possibility of a clash between Israel and Syria in the area. Unconfirmed Lebanese reports said that Israeli warplanes had been seen over Lebanon earlier Sunday.

Syria has threatened to retaliate against Israel for the attack. Israel has not commented on the attack, and has not officially confirmed its involvement, although Defense Minister Ehud Barak earlier Sunday hinted at the possibility that Israel did carry out the attack.

Erdogan: History will not forgive Israel

February 3, 2013

Erdogan: History will not forgive Israel – Israel News, Ynetnews.

Turkish PM says alleged Israeli strike in Syria ‘is unacceptable to us, against every international law’

( Turkey is making itself out to be more Islamist than anyone other than Iran.  The absurd hypocrisy of these remarks almost makes one’s head spin.  Unless you’re a radical Islamist, in which case you’re more than used to hyperbolic 180 degrees untrue views of reality. – JW )

Ynet

Published: 02.03.13, 15:42 / Israel News

Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan slammed Israel on Sunday over its alleged airstrike in Syria.

“Anything could happen in the region,” Erdogan said. “Those who treated the Israeli government like a spoiled child should know that history will not forgive Israel’s state structure.”

Assad said after the meeting that “Syria, with the power of its army and adherence to resistance, is able to confront all the current threats and curb any aggression against the Syrian army and its historical and cultural role.”

The alleged Israeli strike, he said, “is unacceptable to us … It is against every international law.”

Asked about Iran’s strong reaction to Israeli following the alleged attack on Syrian targets, Erdogan told reporters that Iran should first of all “reconsider its attitude against Syria.

“What is Iran doing about Syria? While considering the acts of Israel, Iran at the same time needs to allow for common steps to be taken in the region.”

On Saturday, Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu urged Damascus to retaliate following the alleged Israeli attack.

“Why didn’t (Syrian President Bashar) Assad even throw a pebble when Israeli jets were flying over his palace and playing with the dignity of his country?” he told reporters on his way to an international security conference in Munich.

“Why didn’t the Syrian Army, which has been attacking its own innocent people for 22 months now from the air with jets and by land with tanks and artillery fire, respond to Israel’s operation? Why can’t Assad, who gave order to fire Scud missiles at Aleppo, do anything against Israel?” Davutoglu added.

Defense Minister Ehud Barak made Israel’s first public comments on the alleged attack Sunday.

He brought the issue up at a gathering of the world’s top diplomats and defense officials in Germany, initially saying: “I cannot add anything to what you have read in the newspapers about what happened in Syria several days ago.”

But, addressing the audience in English, he then added: “I keep telling frankly that we said – and that’s proof when we said something we mean it – we say that we don’t think it should be allowed to bring advanced weapons systems into Lebanon.”

Syrian President Assad also broke his silence on the attack on Sunday, blaming Israel and saying the airstrike was aimed at weakening and destabilizing his country.

Syria’s state news agency SANA said Assad made the remarks in a meeting with Saeed Jalili, Iran’s national security council secretary, in Damascus.

BBC News – Iran seeks ‘authentic’ bilateral US nuclear talks

February 3, 2013

BBC News – Iran seeks ‘authentic’ bilateral US nuclear talks.

Iran seeks ‘authentic’ bilateral US nuclear talks

Natanz uranium enrichment plant
The Natanz facility is at the heart of Iran’s latest dispute with Western nations

Iran says it welcomes a US offer of bilateral nuclear talks, but wants the US to show an “authentic… fair and real intention to resolve the issue”.

Foreign Minister Ali Akhbar Salehi said the US should stop threats to take action against Iran as it offers talks.

He was speaking at a security conference in Germany a day after Vice-President Joe Biden told the gathering Iran had to be “serious” on the issue.

International talks on Iran’s nuclear programme are due later this month.

Iran is under an array of UN-imposed sanctions. Western countries suspect it wants to develop nuclear weapons, but Tehran says its nuclear programme is for energy generation and research.

Three days ago, the US warned Iran that its plans to upgrade uranium enrichment centrifuges at the Natanz plant would be a “further escalation” of the stand-off.

Iran’s Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi seemed positive about a new round of nuclear diplomacy but his remarks gave little hint as to whether this would prove any more successful than previous talks in reaching a deal between Tehran and the international community.

Mr Salehi was conciliatory but also tough. Iran, he said, was an important regional player. It was no longer a lackey of any superpower. But he was positive on the new round of talks and positive too on overtures from the US administration.

Nonetheless Mr Salehi fiercely defended Iran’s right to develop its nuclear programme.

Mr Biden told the Munich Security Conference that Washington was prepared to hold bilateral talks with Iran “when the Iranian leadership, Supreme Leader [Ayatollah Ali Khamenei], is serious”.

“That offer stands, but it must be real and tangible and there has to be an agenda that they are prepared to speak to. We are not just prepared to do it for the exercise.”

Responding on Sunday, Mr Salehi said Iran had no “red lines” – that it had negotiated with the US bilaterally in Baghdad “a number of times”.

“But we have to make sure … that the other side comes with authentic intentions with a fair and real intention to resolve the issue,” he said.

The minister said Iran would take the offer into “serious consideration”, but the US had to desist from the “threatening rhetoric that everything is on the table”.

Mr Salehi also described as “good news” that international talks on Iran were to be held in Kazakhstan on 25 February. He did not confirm if Iran would attend.

The five permanent members of the UN Security Council plus Germany have held a series of negotiations over the years – but there has been no breakthrough.

Israel’s army chief lands in US amid Syria crisis

February 3, 2013

Israel’s army chief lands in US amid Syria crisis | The Times of Israel.

IDF’s Gantz and US counterpart Dempsey begin five days of talks on security challenges in the Middle East

February 3, 2013, 3:06 pm
IDF Chief of Staff Benny Gantz, right, at a welcoming ceremony for his visiting US counterpart Martin Dempsey, at a military base in Tel Aviv on January 20, 2012. (photo credit: Gideon Markowicz/Flash90

IDF Chief of Staff Benny Gantz, right, at a welcoming ceremony for his visiting US counterpart Martin Dempsey, at a military base in Tel Aviv on January 20, 2012. (photo credit: Gideon Markowicz/

Israel’s army chief on Sunday landed in the United States for talks with his American counterpart, amid tension with Syria following a reported Israel airstrike there last week. He arrived as Israel’s defense minister insisted that Israel “means what it says” about preventing advanced weaponry being moved into Lebanon as Bashar Assad’s regime in Damascus loses control.

IDF chief of the General Staff, Lt.-Gen. Benny Gantz, began a five-day work visit in the United States, as the guest of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the IDF announced on Sunday afternoon.

It said Gantz and Dempsey would hold “a series of work meetings together” and with other American officials, and would “discuss current security challenges, the regional security status in the Middle East and military cooperation.”

Gantz was accompanied by the Head of the IDF’s Planning Directorate, Maj.-Gen. Nimrod Sheffer.

Apart from the Syria crisis, the two military chiefs will likely also focus on Iran’s nuclear weapons drive. Formally starting the process of building his new government on Saturday night, Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said stopping Iran would be his first priority. Late last summer, amid reports that Netanyahu wanted to launch military action against Iran, Dempsey publicly and dramatically declared that he would not want to be “complicit” in any such Israeli action.

Israel’s reported airstrike overnight Tuesday is said to have targeted a convoy carrying advanced anti-aircraft defense systems toward Lebanon, presumably to Hezbollah. Syria said the IAF hit a scientific research center in Jamarya, northwest of Damascus, and on Saturday it released purported video footage of the scene. Other reports have indicated that further sites were targeted, including a biological weapons research center.

A TIME magazine article on Friday claimed Washington has given Israel a “green light” to carry out more such raids if it deems them necessary. It said the US was prepared to carry out raids of its own in the Aleppo area if it feared rebels might otherwise gain control of weapons of mass destruction in that part of Syria.

On Wednesday, US officials told The New York Times that Israel notified the United States in advance about the airstrike it carried out. An unnamed Western official told the Wall Street Journal that the convoy was carrying sophisticated Russian-made SA-17 anti-aircraft weapons, which could constitute a strategic game-changer were Hezbollah to possess them.

Israel has not confirmed Tuesday’s alleged air raid. But Defense Minister Ehud Barak hinted Sunday at Israel’s involvement.

Speaking at a security conference in Munich, Barak said, “What happened in Syria several days ago… that’s proof that when we said something we mean it — We say that we don’t think it should be allowed to bring advanced weapons systems into Lebanon,” he said.

Barak added that he saw the fall of Syrian President Bashar Assad as imminent, and that it would be a major blow to Iran. He added that “Hezbollah from Lebanon and the Iranians are the only allies that Assad has left.”

He said in his view Assad’s fall “is coming imminently” and when it happens, “this will be a major blow to the Iranians and Hezbollah.”

Assad responded to last week’s alleged Israeli strike for the first time on Sunday while speaking with Iranian envoy Saeed Jalili in Damascus. He said that Israel’s aggression “exposes the true role conducted by Israel in collaboration with the external forces hostile [to Syria] in destabilizing security in Syria and weakening it so that it forgoes its national principles.”

“Syria is capable of withstanding any foreign aggression through the awareness of its people and its steadfastness in clinging to the course of resistance,” he said.

Iran on Thursday threatened “grave consequences for Tel Aviv” after the air strike.

Biden: US ready to hold direct talks with Iran

February 3, 2013

Israel Hayom | Biden: US ready to hold direct talks with Iran.

 

Speaking at an international security conference in Munich, U.S. Vice President Joe Biden says diplomacy could still succeed in thwarting Iran’s nuclear ambitions • Biden: The ball is in the Iranian government’s court to show it is negotiating in good faith.

Yoni Hirsch and News Agencies
U.S. Vice President Joe Biden says there is still time for diplomacy to succeed in thwarting Iran’s nuclear ambitions.

|

Photo credit: GettyImages

Iran is continuing to try to buy time to further develop its nuclear program, and its gambit is apparently working. U.S. Vice President Joe Biden said on Saturday that the U.S. would be prepared to hold direct talks with Iran over its nuclear program if Iran showed it was serious about such talks.

“We have made it clear at the outset that we would be prepared to meet bilaterally with the Iranian leadership, we would not make it a secret that we were doing that, [and] we would let our partners know if that occasion presented itself,” Biden said at an international security conference in Munich.

“That offer stands, but it must be real and tangible and there has to be an agenda that they are prepared to speak to. We are not just prepared to do it for the exercise.”

Biden also said, “There is still time, there is still space for diplomacy backed by pressure to succeed.” He did not specify any time frame.

He insisted that “the ball is in the government of Iran’s court” to show that it is negotiating in good faith.

Asked when the U.S. might hold direct talks with Iran, Biden replied, “When the Iranian leadership, the supreme leader [Ayatollah Ali Khamenei], is serious.”

Talks involving all five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council plus Germany have made little headway while several rounds of international sanctions have cut into Iran’s oil sales and financial transactions. Biden called the sanctions “the most robust” in history.

“But we have also made clear that Iran’s leaders need not sentence their people to economic deprivation and international isolation,” Biden said.

Meanwhile, Iran’s Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi said on Sunday that the six world powers had proposed holding a new round of talks in Kazakhstan on Feb. 25.

“I have good news,” he said at the Munich Security Conference. “I heard yesterday that the P5+1 or EU3+3 will be meeting in Kazakhstan on Feb. 25.”

He did not make clear whether Iran had agreed to the meeting.

A European diplomat said the six powers had proposed a new round of talks on Feb. 25 in Kazakhstan but that Iran had still not given a firm answer. The two sides have been haggling over a date and venue for new talks for weeks.

Salehi said he would give “positive consideration” to Biden’s remarks.

Salehi said there was “no red line for bilateral negotiations” as long as the other side had a real intention to resolve the issue.

Last month, Iran — in a defiant move ahead of new talks expected soon with world powers — announced plans to vastly increase its pace of uranium enrichment. Enriched uranium can be used to make both reactor fuel and the fissile core of warheads.

Iran insists it does not want nuclear arms and argues it has a right to enrich uranium for a civilian nuclear power program, but suspicion persists that the real aim is nuclear weapons.

Analysts have suggested that with his re-election behind him, U.S. President Barack Obama might have more leeway to take on direct negotiations with Iran.

That makes the year ahead critical for chances of overcoming a standoff that, if left to fester further, could see Iran approach nuclear weapons capability, possibly provoking military action by the U.S. or Israel and inflaming the Middle East.

Progress on Iran would also help ease regional tensions as the U.S. prepares to pull most combat troops out of Iran’s neighbor, Afghanistan, by the end of 2014.

Many believe no deal is possible without a U.S.-Iranian thaw, requiring direct talks addressing myriad sources of mutual mistrust and hostility lingering since Iran’s 1979 Islamic Revolution and the hostage crisis at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran.

Iran has avoided direct, public talks with the U.S., though some suggest Iran would eventually welcome an opportunity to end its international isolation.

Speaking at a news conference in Munich, Republican Senator John McCain said he would have no objection to direct talks, but questioned how much these would achieve if fundamental questions over Iran’s nuclear program remained unresolved.

“I don’t know when we will have direct talks between the United States and Iran,” McCain said. “That is a subject for the president of the United States. I don’t think anyone here objects to that.” But, he added, “To [say we] have grounds for optimism, I think, would be a mistake.”

With Iran holding its own presidential elections in June, hopes of progress before then are limited.

The U.S. and its allies, however, do not have an indefinite amount of time to negotiate. Notwithstanding the current stalemate, Iran’s nuclear program is advancing and international consensus on sanctions may be hard to maintain.

Israel, which describes the prospect of a nuclear-armed Iran as an existential threat, has made clear it would be ready to bomb Iran’s nuclear sites to prevent that outcome. The U.S. has also said it will not rule out the use of military force.

“2013 is the decisive year on Iran, especially for political reasons,” German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle said at the Munich conference. “We had elections in the United States and Israel, we will have elections in June in Iran, we see increasing capabilities especially with the issue of enrichment — let us be very frank, we did not have progress in the last 12 months, so it is obvious that we have to use this year.”

Russia, which has been impatient with decades of U.S. hostility toward Iran since the 1979 Islamic Revolution but has backed U.N. Security Council sanctions since 2006, repeated on Saturday the need to find a diplomatic solution.

“Iran must know the overall game plan; it must see what is in it for it in this process. We need to convince Iran that this is not about regime change … this mistrust must be overcome,” Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov told the conference.

That comment was echoed by Westerwelle, who said, “If we want to reach this goal, it would be wrong to discuss all these military options and possibilities. It is now important to focus our whole attention, all our effort for a diplomatic and political solution.”

This would have to include a relief from sanctions as well as recognition of Iran’s right to enrich uranium to the lower levels needed for civilian nuclear fuel, security analysts say.