Posted tagged ‘Islam’

Bravo Codevilla — and a note on Russian-Turkish Fighter Contact

October 7, 2015

Bravo Codevilla — and a note on Russian-Turkish Fighter Contact

By David P. Goldman

October 6, 2015 in Chatham House Rules

Source: Bravo Codevilla — and a note on Russian-Turkish Fighter Contact | Asia Times

Angelo Codevilla’s terse and magisterial reading of Putin’s war aims is simply the best thing I have read on a subject which elicits the sort of heavy breathing that belongs in pulp scenario novels (e.g., Commentary Magazine’s post this week entitled “It’s Not a New Cold War– It’s Something Worse“). The US ambled about in a fantasy world after the misnamed Arab Spring, searching for “moderate Sunnis” who might represent a viable alternative to the Assad regime in Syria. Like most sleepwalkers, Washington is grouchy about the rude wake-up, but there is no risk of war, hot or cold.

Something additional, though, needs to be said about Russia and Turkey, which the estimable M.K. Bhadrakumar (India’s past ambassador to Turkey) neglected to say in his note today (“Russia Outflanks Turkey in Syria“). NATO has protested Russia’s violation of Turkish air space, and the usual commentators have been wheeled out to warn that air-space infractions followed by fighter interception can lead to nasty accidents. But that is beside the point. In order to suppress the emergence of a Kurdish zone in northern Syria linked to the de facto Kurdish state in northern Iraq, Turkey has been supporting whatever Islamists it find, including ISIS, to harry the Kurds. It has been using fighter cover to favor its Islamist allies in its war on the Kurds.

Turkish journalist Kadri Gursel last week explained the game in AI-Monitor:

Using some imagination, one could foresee the adverse impacts Russia’s move will have on Ankara’s policies on the ground. Ankara is now likely to be forced to end the de facto situation — virtually a no-fly zone — it has enforced casually in border areas since 2012. In June 2012, after a Turkish reconnaissance plane was shot down by an air defense system in Syria, Ankara announced new rules of engagement, including the interception of Syrian aircraft flying close to Turkish airspace. There has been no indication so far that these rules of engagement have changed. Since the summer of 2012, Turkish media have occasionally reported incidents of Turkish fighter jets taking off from their bases to chase off Syrian planes and helicopters flying “too close” to the border.

Ankara-backed Islamist groups fighting Assad’s regime have emerged as the main beneficiary of these rules of engagement, which have effectively served as a Turkish air cover for their military and logistical operations in border regions.

NATO let the Turks go rogue in their campaign against the Kurds, who will outnumber ethnic Turks among Turkey’s under-25 population in less than twenty years. The Obama administration has given the Turks a pass even when Turkish actions blatantly violate Washington’s declared policy. Evidently Putin has decided to punch Erdogan in the nose, just as he punchd Obama in the nose by blasting some American-sponsored Sunni fighters. Someone has to take the fall in the region, and that someone would be Turkey.

Accidental Turkish airspace incursion ‘used to involve NATO in info war against Russia over Syria’

October 6, 2015

Accidental Turkish airspace incursion ‘used to involve NATO in info war against Russia over Syria’

Published time: 6 Oct, 2015 09:53

Edited time: 6 Oct, 2015 11:01

Source: Accidental Turkish airspace incursion ‘used to involve NATO in info war against Russia over Syria’ — RT News

NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg. © Francois Lenoir
The incident with the Russian jet, which accidentally violated Turkey’s airspace, has been used to include NATO in the media war against Moscow’s anti-terror op in Syria, said Aleksandr Grushko, Russia’s envoy to the Western military alliance.

“The impression is that the incident in Turkish airspace was used in order to include NATO as an organization into the information campaign unleashed in the West, which perverts and distorts the purposes of the operation conducted by the Russian air forces in Syria,” Grushko said.

According to Grushko, NATO has ignored clarifications from Russia about the plane incident. All attempts to explain the reasons behind the incident fell on deaf ears, however, with NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg describing the situation as “unacceptable violations of Turkish airspace.”

“Similar incidents are clarified through bilateral or military channels,” Grushko said. “This is common practice.”

“The fact that clarifications from the Russian side have been ignored just gives away the true intentions of the initiators of the [NATO] Council meeting.”

On Monday, Russia admitted making a mistake after its warplane violated Turkey’s airspace. The Russian Defense Ministry has explained that bad weather caused the incident.

Ankara has accepted the explanation, saying there is no ill feeling between the two countries. NATO has slammed Moscow for what it deemed “irresponsible behavior,” however.

The incident, which took place on Saturday, saw Turkey scramble two F-16 jets after a Russian military aircraft crossed into Turkish airspace near the Syrian border.

Ankara also claimed that a MiG-29 fighter jet, which is used by both Russia and Syria, harassed two of its F-16s on Sunday by locking radar on to them as they patrolled the Turkish-Syrian border.

The NATO chief refused to confirm the report.

“Whether the Russian planes locked their fire control radars onto the Turkish planes is something I cannot comment on,” Stoltenberg told reporters.

Russia has ‘substantial’ number of troops inside Syria, says Nato secretary-general

October 6, 2015

Russia has ‘substantial’ number of troops inside Syria, says Nato secretary-general

Lizzie Dearden

Tuesday 6 October 2015 10:25 BST 188 comments

Source: Russia has ‘substantial’ number of troops inside Syria, says Nato secretary-general | Middle East | News | The Independent

Here we go again !

Did we not here this before and proved by false pictures  in the Ukraine ?

Vladimir Putin has previously said there will be ‘no Russian boots on the ground’ in Syria AFP/Getty Images.

Russia has built up a “substantial” military presence including ground troops in Syria, according to the Nato secretary-general.

Jens Stoltenberg told journalists that Vladimir Putin’s forces have not mainly been targeting Isis, but other opposition groups.

“I will not go into any specific numbers but I can confirm that we have seen the substantial build-up of Russian forces in Syria – air force, air defences but also ground troops in connection with the air base they have,” he continued.

20-Russia-Pilot-AP.jpg
A Russian pilot climbs from an SU-25M jet fighter at Hmeimim airbase in Syria

“And we also see increased naval presence of Russian ships and naval capabilities outside Syria or in the eastern part of the Mediterranean.

“So there has been a substantial military build-up by Russia with many different kinds of capabilities and forces, over the last weeks.”

Mr Putin previously said that he had no plans to deploy ground troops in Syria.

“Russia will not take part in any field operations on the territory of Syria or in other states; at least, we do not plan it for now,” the Russian President told CBS last week.

Mr Stoltenberg said the US has made contact with Moscow to establish ways to ensure Russian planes and jets from the international coalition fighting Isis do not clash during their missions over Syria.

But relations with Turkey seemed less cordial after Russia’s Air Force reportedly violated its airspace on Saturday and Sunday.

Mr Stoltenberg said the reported incidents were “very serious“, adding: “It doesn’t look like an accident, and we’ve seen two of them over the weekend.”

Russia’s defence ministry said the first incursion was unintentional and lasted only “a few seconds” as a fighter jet approached a Syrian air base just over the nearby border in bad weather.

There were reports of air strikes in the Isis-held city of Palmyra today, targeting the jihadist group’s vehicles and weapons, as the Kremlin’s campaign continued today.

Russia Targeting US-Backed Syrians to Challenge Obama

October 6, 2015

Russia Intentionally Targeting US-Backed Syrian Rebels to Challenge Obama Policy

BY:
October 6, 2015 10:05 am

Source: Russia Targeting US-Backed Syrians to Challenge Obama

U.S. officials on the ground in Syria said they believe Russia is deliberately targeting CIA-backed Syrian rebels with its airstrikes in the region as a direct challenge to President Obama’s policy in Syria.

The Wall Street Journal reported that the conclusion led the Obama administration to consider how the U.S. can increase help to Syrian rebel groups fighting the Bashar al-Assad regime without getting further involved in the civil war there.

Obama has said that the does not want the U.S. to become more embroiled in the conflict.

According to officials, the Department of Defense has refused to share information with Moscow regarding the position of U.S.-backed rebels. The Pentagon fears Russia, a strong ally of the Assad regime, could use the intelligence to more accurately target the rebels or relay it to Assad.

Russia launched its first airstrikes in Syria last Wednesday near the city of Homs, an area that is not controlled by the Islamic State (IS, also known as ISIL or ISIS), despite Moscow’s assurances it has bolstered military involvement in Syria in order to combat IS and other terrorist groups. Most of the subsequent airstrikes have appeared to target rebel groups fighting Assad that have been armed and trained by the CIA.

“On day one, you can say it was a one-time mistake,” a senior U.S. official explained. “But on day three and day four, there’s no question it’s intentional. They know what they’re hitting.”

Officials suspect Russia is attacking U.S.-backed Syrian rebel groups presenting the greatest immediate threat to the Assad regime.

Though Russian President Vladimir Putin and his officials have insisted that the country’s military activity in Syria will only involve airstrikes, Moscow said Monday that its “volunteer” forces will soon begin fighting on the ground in Syria. Similar Russian forces fought on the ground in Ukraine as Putin intervened there.

The White House has yet to offer aid to the Syrian rebels being targeted by Russia.

Iran troops to join Syria war, Russia bombs group trained by CIA

October 6, 2015

Iran troops to join Syria war, Russia bombs group trained by CIA

BEIRUT/MOSCOW |

By Laila Bassam and Andrew Osborn

Source: Iran troops to join Syria war, Russia bombs group trained by CIA | Reuters

Hundreds of Iranian troops have arrived in Syria to join a major ground offensive in support of President Bashar al-Assad’s government, Lebanese sources said on Thursday, a sign the civil war is turning still more regional and global in scope.

Russian warplanes, in a second day of strikes, bombed a camp run by rebels trained by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, the group’s commander said, putting Moscow and Washington on opposing sides in a Middle East conflict for the first time since the Cold War.

Senior U.S. and Russian officials spoke for just over an hour by secure video conference on Thursday, focussing on ways to keep air crews safe, the Pentagon said, as the two militaries carry out parallel campaigns with competing objectives.

“We made crystal clear that, at a minimum, the priority here should be the safe operation of the air crews over Syria,” Pentagon spokesman Peter Cook said.

Two Lebanese sources told Reuters hundreds of Iranian troops had reached Syria in the past 10 days with weapons to mount a major ground offensive. They would also be backed by Assad’s Lebanese Hezbollah allies and by Shi’ite militia fighters from Iraq, while Russia would provide air support.

“The vanguard of Iranian ground forces began arriving in Syria -soldiers and officers specifically to participate in this battle. They are not advisers … we mean hundreds with equipment and weapons. They will be followed by more,” one of the sources said.

So far, direct Iranian military support for Assad has come mostly in the form of military advisers. Iran has also mobilised Shi’ite militia fighters, including Iraqis and some Afghans, to fight alongside Syrian government forces.

Moscow said it had hit Islamic State positions, but the areas it struck near the cities of Hama and Homs are mostly held by a rival insurgent alliance, which unlike Islamic State is supported by U.S. allies including Arab states and Turkey.

Hassan Haj Ali, head of the Liwa Suqour al-Jabal rebel group that is part of the Free Syrian Army, told Reuters one of the targets was his group’s base in Idlib province, struck by about 20 missiles in two separate raids. His fighters had been trained by the CIA in Qatar and Saudi Arabia, part of a programme Washington says is aimed at supporting groups that oppose both Islamic State and Assad.

“Russia is challenging everyone and saying there is no alternative to Bashar,” Haj Ali said. He said the Russian jets had been identified by members of his group who once served as Syrian air force pilots.

The group is one of at least three foreign-backed FSA rebel factions to say they had been hit by the Russians in the last two days.

At the United Nations, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov told a news conference Moscow was targeting Islamic State. He did not specifically deny that Russian planes had attacked Free Syrian Army facilities but said Russia did not view it as a terrorist group and viewed it as part of a political solution in Syria

 

Iraq Welcomes Russian Airstrikes Against ISIL

October 6, 2015

Top Diplomat: Iraq Welcomes Russian Airstrikes Against Islamic State

BY:
October 5, 2015 4:50 pm

Source: Iraq Welcomes Russian Airstrikes Against ISIL

 

Unsatisfied by the Obama administration’s campaign against the Islamic State in the region, the Iraqi government welcomes Russian airstrikes against the terrorist group inside Iraq, according to a top diplomat.

The Air Force Times reported:

The Iraqis feel that the U.S.-led campaign against the Islamic State has become too focused on Syria and has not made enough progress on the ground in Iraq, a senior Iraqi diplomat, who asked to speak on condition of anonymity, told Air Force Times on Monday. The official accused the coalition fores of moving too slowly, thereby missing opportunities to roll back the Islamic State in Iraqi cities. Since more than 2,000 Russians are among the Islamic State’s ranks and Russia has experience fighting Islamic militants in Chechnya, it makes sense to include Russia in anti-Islamic State efforts, he said.

While Iraq is open to the possibility of Russian airstrikes, the diplomat said that the Iraqi government would not welcome Russian troops on the ground fighting the Islamic State (IS, also known as ISIL or ISIS). Iraq has not formally asked Russia to conduct airstrikes in the country.

Ignoring warnings from the Obama administration, Russia has been increasing its military activity in Syria in recent weeks in order to allegedly combat IS and bolster the Bashar al-Assad regime. Moscow has sent troops and military aid to Syria and last week conducted its first airstrikes there.

Russian warplanes dropped bombs near the city of Homs in western Syria Wednesday, an area that is not controlled by Islamic State militants. Defense Secretary Ash Carter has expressed skepticism that the Russian strikes were targeting IS.

Iraq agreed last month to share intelligence with Russia and Syria in the effort against IS, but the top diplomat insisted Monday that the agreement will not put U.S. or other coalition forces at risk. He also called on the U.S. to provide Iraq with more M1A1 Abrams tanks so that Iraqi forces can reclaim the Anbar province from IS.

U.S. intelligence agencies concluded in July that the Obama administration bomb campaign against IS in the Middle East has yielded no perceivable degradation in the terrorist group’s forces.

Russian Air Force destroys 20 ISIS tanks near Palmyra

October 6, 2015

Russian Air Force destroys 20 ISIS tanks near Palmyra – Defense Ministry (VIDEOS)

Published time: 5 Oct, 2015 21:23

Edited time: 6 Oct, 2015 11:51

Source: Russian Air Force destroys 20 ISIS tanks near Palmyra – Defense Ministry (VIDEOS) — RT News

Russian pilots prepared to board the SU-30 attack plane to take off from the Hmeimim aerodrome in Syria. © Dmitriy Vinogradov
Russia’s Sukhoi jets flew 15 sorties over Syria on Monday striking 10 Islamic State targets in various regions, according to Russia’s Defense Ministry. 20 tanks and 3 rocket launchers in Homs province near embattled Palmyra were destroyed,

“During the day, Sukhoi-34, Sukhoi-24M and Sukhoi-25 warplanes flew a total of 15 sorties from the Khmeimim airbase. Air strikes were delivered at ten targets of the Islamic State [IS, formerly ISIS/ISIL] group in Syria,” Igor Konashenkov, Russia’s Defense Ministry spokesman said in a statement on Monday.

A pair of Su-25Ms (NATO reporting name: Frogfoot) together with an Su-24 (NATO reporting name: Fencer) carried out strikes on two IS targets in the eastern part of Homs province near the city of Tadmur, he said.

“About 20 units of medium T-55 tanks, which were earlier seized by the militants from the Syrian army, have been destroyed [in the strikes],” as well as three multiple rocket launchers, he noted.

A video released by the ministry also showed a strike against an IS ammunition depot in Homs. The ministry explained: “Bright flashes confirm detonation of munitions caused by direct hits of air bombs. Thick smoke provides evidence of fire in the depot.”

The city Tadmur is located in an oasis in the middle of the Syrian Desert and stands about half a kilometer northeast of the ruins of the ancient city of Palmyra. The UNESCO protected cultural site was captured by IS in May. They have been gradually destroying archeological artifacts and structures since seizing the ancient city. On Sunday they blew up the Arch of Triumph, a centerpiece of the ancient ruins.

READ MORE: ISIS terrorists blow up iconic 2,000yo Arch of Triumph in Palmyra  

US Central Command reported on Monday that the US-led coalition had conducted airstrikes near Palmyra with “inconclusive results.

Russian Su-34 bombers destroyed IS headquarters and a command post in the Aleppo province, Konashenkov said on Monday, adding that there had been “direct hits” on structures housing field commanders in Dayr Hafir and al-Bab.

Some 30 IS military vehicles including tanks were destroyed in the forested area near the city of Idlib in northwest Syria, according to the ministry.

We have irrefutable intelligence, including [intercepted] communications between the militants in the area, [proving] the destruction and damage of the terrorists’ armored vehicles,” Konashenkov said.

Russia launched its anti-IS operation in Syria on September 30 after a request from President Bashar Assad. Russian President Vladimir Putin has also expressed concern about the number of Russian extremists in the country.

On Saturday, three days into the operation, Russia’s Defense Ministry said that, based on Russian intelligence, the militants were fleeing the area which had been under their control. It also stated that the strikes have significantly reduced the terrorists’ combat capabilities.

With Russia’s Dep. Army Chief due in Israel, Moscow posts 64 S-300 ship-to-air missiles off Syria, N. Israel

October 5, 2015

With Russia’s Dep. Army Chief due in Israel, Moscow posts 64 S-300 ship-to-air missiles off Syria, N. Israel

DEBKAfile Exclusive Report October 5, 2015, 2:18 PM (IDT)

Source: With Russia’s Dep. Army Chief due in Israel, Moscow posts 64 S-300 ship-to-air missiles off Syria, N. Israel

The Russian missile cruiser Moskva in action. In addition to 64 S-300 anti-aircraft missiles, the warship has 16 SS-N-12 missiles aboard specially designed to destroy US aircraft carriers.

 

Russia’s deputy chief of staff, Gen. Nikolay Bogdanovsky, accompanied by a large military delegation, arrives in Israel for a two-day visit on Tuesday, Oct. 6, to discuss increased coordination between the two militaries. However, Moscow seems to be sending Jerusalem an altogether different message: Friday, Oct. 2, the Russian Defense Ministry announced the surprise deployment of Navy cruiser, the Moskva, armed with 64 advanced anti-aircraft missiles S-300 ship-to-air missiles opposite the Syrian coastal town of Latakia.
debkafile’s military sources point out that Russia, without saying so publicly, has thus created an effective no-fly zone over most of Syria, most of northern Israel, including the Golan, as well as southern Turkey, for US aircraft based there for air strikes in Syria; Cyprus, the site of British air force bases; and Jordan.

Since 2012, The Obama administration has been discussing the possibility of establishing no-fly zones in northern and southern Syria on a number of occasions, but has shelved the plan whenever a decision was imminent. Now, with one move, Moscow has imposed a no-fly zone over Syria.

The presence of the wide-ranging S-300s means that the Turkish, British, Israeli and Jordanian air forces will need to coordinate their aerial operations in Syrian or Lebanese airspace with Russia, or face the risk of their planes being shot down.

In the view of debkafile’s military sources, the only aircraft capable of evading those advanced missiles are stealth planes. Neither the Israeli, British, Jordanian or Turkish air forces, nor the US squadron in Turkey consisting of F-16 fighters, have such aircraft at their disposal.

The S-300 has a range of 150 kilometers and can shoot down any type of missile, including cruise missiles, as well as planes.

If US President Obama truly wanted to deal effectively with Moscow’s military moves in Syria, besides saying that Russia is bound to fail, he would have ordered the deployment of US stealth fighters to Turkey and Israel. However,may have been held back from this step by fear of antagonizing Iran, which has so far delayed sealing the nuclear agreement with the world powers by putting it to vote in parliament.

The presence of Moskva off the shores of Syria and close to northern Israel creates a new situation that will very likely be discussed in the talks that start Tuesday in Tel Aviv between Russia’s deputy chief of staff and his Israeli counterpart, IDF Gen. Yair Golan.

Although Russian President Vladimir Putin promised Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu during their summit in Moscow on September 21 not to allow S-300 missiles reach the hands of the Syrian military, he made no promises about positioning them on a Russian warship in the Mediterranean facing Syria and northern Israel.          .

Our military sources point out that Russian air strikes have not been confined to any single area so far, but the injection of S-300s into the war arena widens the Russian air force’s options.

In an interview with CNN on October 4, Prime Minister Netanyahu described how the Russian operation in Syria had affected relations with Moscow. “We don’t want to go back to the days when, you know, Russia and Israel were in an adversarial position,” he said. “I think we’ve changed the relationship. And it’s, on the whole, good.” He added that Israel’s close relations with the US were in a completely different and special category.

When asked whether he thought Russia’s intervention would cause instability in the region, he seemed to avoid giving a detailed response, only saying, “I don’t know. I think time will tell”.

However, on the topic of the transfer of advanced weaponry to Hizballah, the prime minister was very clear. ”If anybody wants to use Syrian territory to transfer nuclear weapons to Hezbollah, we’ll take action,” he said.

It marked the first time for an Israeli prime minister to speak publicly on the possibility that the terrorist organization could acquire atomic weapons.

Gaza Rocket Hits Eshkol Region

October 5, 2015

Gaza Rocket Hits Eshkol Region Terrorists from Gaza fire two rockets at southern Israel, of which one lands on Gazan side. No injuries reported.

By Elad Benari, Canada

First Publish: 10/4/2015, 11:17 PM / Last Update: 10/4/2015, 11:26 PM

Source: Gaza Rocket Hits Eshkol Region – Defense/Security – News – Arutz Sheva

Rocket fire from Gaza

Rocket fire from Gaza
Flash 90

The calm of the holiday was disturbed in the Gaza Belt on Sunday evening when, shortly after 11:00 p.m., the “Red Alert” incoming rocket siren was heard in Nahal Oz, Alumim and the area.

Two rockets were fired from Gaza towards Israel, but the first one missed the target and exploded on the Gazan side of the border.

A second rocket exploded in an open area of the Eshkol Regional Council. There were no physical injuries or damages.

Rocket attacks on the south have been intermittent over the past few weeks. Last week, a rocket was intercepted by the Iron Dome anti-missile system as it was headed towards the city of Ashdod.

On September 21, a rocket that was fired from Gaza exploded in the Hof Ashkelon region of southern Israel.

The rocket exploded in an open region, causing no physical injuries or damages.

Turkey says Russia has escalated Syrian conflict with violation of its airspace

October 5, 2015

Turkey says Russia has escalated Syrian conflict with violation of its airspace

Source: Turkey says Russia has escalated Syrian conflict with violation of its airspace – Middle East – Jerusalem Post

Turkey said on Monday it had summoned Russia’s ambassador to protest the violation of its airspace by one of its warplanes and was told it was a “mistake” that would not happen again.

Turkey, which has the second-largest army in NATO, scrambled two F-16 jets on Saturday after a Russian warplane crossed into its airspace near the province of Hatay, which borders Syria, the foreign ministry said.

In a second incident, the Turkish military said a MiG-29 fighter jet — an aircraft used by both Russia and Syria — had harassed two of its F-16s by locking its radar on to them on Sunday as they patrolled the border.

Speaking in a live interview on HaberTurk TV, Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu accused Moscow of escalating the Syrian crisis by entering the conflict.

Russian air strikes in Syria, launched last week, have wrong-footed both the United States and its allies including Turkey, which says lasting peace can only be achieved with President Bashar al-Assad’s removal. Moscow says its intervention aims to weaken Islamic State militants, but Ankara and Western powers see it as support for Assad.

“What we have received from Russia this morning is that this was a mistake and that they respect Turkey’s borders and this will not happen again,” Davutoglu said of Saturday’s airspace violation, making clear Turkey would respond if provoked.

“Turkey’s rules of engagement apply to all planes, be they Syrian, Russian or from elsewhere. Turkey’s armed forces are very clearly instructed. Necessary steps would be taken against whoever violates Turkey’s borders, even if it’s a bird,” he said in the interview.

“For Russia, which long opposed foreign intervention in Syria and blocked UN Security Council resolutions, to be actively involved in Syria is both a contradiction and a move that has escalated the crisis.”

U.S. Defense Secretary Ash Carter said Washington was conferring with Turkey about the incursion. Speaking during a trip to Spain, he also compared Moscow’s effort to bolster Assad to tethering itself to a sinking ship.

“By taking military action in Syria against moderate groups targets, Russia has escalated the civil war,” Carter said in a speech in Madrid.

Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan has criticised Russia’s actions as a “grave mistake”.

“Assad has committed state terrorism, and unfortunately you find Russia and Iran defending (him),” Erdogan was quoted by the Hurriyet newspaper as telling a crowd of supporters in Strasbourg, France, late on Sunday.

“Those countries that collaborate with the regime will account for it in history,” he said.

The Turkish foreign ministry said it had summoned Moscow’s ambassador to protest the violation and urged Russia against any repeat, warning that it would be held “responsible for any undesired incident that may occur.”

Foreign Minister Feridun Sinirlioglu spoke with his Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov, as well as key NATO partners, the statement said.

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov confirmed that the Russian ambassador had been summoned, telling reporters that “some facts were mentioned there which are to be checked”. There was no emergency meeting planned between Erdogan and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin, Peskov said.

“(The) Russian incursion into Turkish airspace raises stakes in what is already a high risk situation,” British Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond said on Twitter, calling on Moscow to desist.