Archive for September 22, 2012

My reaction to President Obama’s response to the incidents in Egypt, Libya and elsewhere

September 22, 2012

My reaction to President Obama’s response to the incidents in Egypt, Libya and elsewhere | Jerusalem Post – Blogs.

Ed Koch
The New York Times of September 17, reported that,
“[i]n Iran, the commander of the powerful Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, Gen. Mohammad Ali Jafari, took the unusual step of holding a news conference on Sunday to warn that ‘nothing will remain’ in Israel if it or any other nation launches attacks against his country. He said that Iran and its allies – presumably Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Gaza – would retaliate at Israel’s borders, as would Iran itself in Israel and beyond, targeting American military bases in the Persian Gulf and shutting down the Strait of Hormuz. Iran has often threatened to counter any attack, but the general’s threats were unusually specific and signaled Iran’s intent to turn any possible attack into a regional conflict. ‘Our response to Israel is clear: I think nothing will remain of Israel,’ General Jafari said, according to an account by The Associated Press. ‘Given Israel’s small land area and its vulnerability to a massive volume of Iran’s missiles, I don’t think any spot in Israel will remain safe.’ General Jafari also confirmed, in what appeared to be the clearest terms so far, that some high-level advisers from his elite unit were working in Syria and Lebanon, underscoring how deeply intertwined the many conflicts in the region have become.”

So now we have one of Iran’s top generals joining the president of Iran in calling for the destruction of Israel. The Iranian general threatens Israel’s total demise and destruction “if [Israel] or any other nation launches attacks against his country.” The Iranian president’s longstanding calls for Israel’s destruction have always been unconditional. Israel is normally referred to by Iranian government officials as the “little Satan” and the US as the “big Satan.”

You can be sure that if and when Iran develops a nuclear bomb and a rocket capable of reaching the US, we here in the US will be at risk simply because we exist. The fanatic Muslims engaged in jihad against Western civilization have as their goal the total destruction of Western civilization which they both envy and hate. Their ultimate objective is to convert the world to Islam.

There are very few Jews left in most Arab countries. In some countries, none. They were forced to flee after Israel became a state in 1948. Many Christian Arabs in Arab countries including those living under the Palestinian Authority on the West Bank, have left their homelands as a result of persecution by their Muslim countrymen. Neither Bethlehem nor Nazareth are cities with a Christian majority. The Arab Christian population of the Palestinian territories has dropped to just 2 percent. Many of those fleeing their countries have sought and found refuge in the US The Coptic Christians who remain in Arab countries, approximately 10 million in Egypt, live in great fear and have suffered pogroms at the hands of their Muslim neighbors. Christians are also in danger in Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

The recent attacks on American embassies in Egypt and Libya – including the deaths of Chris Stevens, the American Ambassador to Libya, and three other US diplomatic personnel in Libya – have been followed by anti-American demonstrations in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Lebanon, Tunisia, Yemen, Sudan, Nigeria, Iraq and Iran. Why should anyone be surprised? The Arab and Muslim countries hate the US, even those like Egypt, Libya and Tunisia, who have recently overthrown Arab despots during the so-called “Arab Spring,” with the assistance of the US and other Western countries.

Those who were helped by the Western countries to overthrow their despots immediately became Islamist states threatening the US In Afghanistan where we have spent billions in seeking to create a democratic government, the Afghan army and police of the government we are now supporting and defending against the Taliban are responsible for the killing of American and NATO soldiers training them. According to The New York Times of September 16, “[t]he six deaths [on Friday, September 14] brought to 51 the number of coalition service members killed this year in insider attacks. The toll has already well exceeded last year’s total of 35 killed in such violence.” Training the Afghan security forces is the publicly-sated reason of the US as to why we are remaining until 2014. We should evacuate all of our troops from Afghanistan immediately.

We know that when the President publicly stated Egypt was not an ally, he could have said the same about Iraq, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Muslim world believes the US is not willing or able to use military action against Iran. It knows from the immediate and recent sacking of our embassies in both Egypt and Libya with the security forces in both those countries refusing to protect the American embassies, that the US is not prepared or willing to punish those countries. Normally in such cases, is it unreasonable to expect our Ambassadors — those still alive — to be recalled? Is it unreasonable to immediately cut off as much as remains of the $2 billion annual appropriation to Egypt and whatever we are providing Libya? Is it unreasonable to prohibit Americans from going to both Egypt and Libya as tourists because of the physical danger to them? Egypt’s economy depends on tourism to balance its budget.

President Obama on a number of occasions has publicly stated, “I have Israel’s back.” I don’t know what that means in practice. I believe he should publicly state, as Senator Daniel Inouye of Hawaii said back in January of this year that an attack by Iran on Israel would be considered an attack on the US that would elicit an immediate military response.

Former Secretary of Defense Robert Gates said in February 2011, “Any future defense secretary who advises the president to again send a big American land army into Asia or into the Middle East or Africa should ‘have his head examined,’ as General [Douglas] MacArthur so delicately put it.” I agree with him, but that should not preclude our using our extraordinary airpower — rockets, planes and drones – our Navy and our stunning Special Forces where needed.

 

‘US to drop Iranian MEK group from terrorist list’

September 22, 2012

‘US to drop Iranian MEK group fr… JPost – Iranian Threat – News.

By REUTERS
09/21/2012 21:01
Officials say Clinton to announce decision next week; move shows support for group calling for overthrow of Iranian regime.

People's Mujahideen Organization of Iran activists Photo: REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

WASHINGTON – The United States has decided to remove the Iranian dissident group Mujahadin-e Khalq (MEK) from its list of terrorist organizations, two US officials said on Friday, handing a political victory to a group once sheltered by Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein that says it has abandoned its violent past.

The officials said US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton had made the decision to remove MEK from the list, and that it was expected to be formally announced early next week.

The US decision comes after years of intense lobbying by the MEK, which had seen many of its members stranded in Iraq even as the group fell out of Baghdad’s favor following Saddam’s downfall.

The United States had repeatedly said its decision on the MEK’s terrorist designation hinged partly on the group’s remaining members leaving Camp Ashraf, an Iraqi base where they had lived for decades, and moving to a former US military base in Baghdad from which they were expected to be resettled overseas.

Officials said this week that the final large group of dissidents had moved from Camp Ashraf to the new location, ending a long standoff with Iraqi authorities.

The group, also known as the People’s Mujahideen Organization of Iran (PMOI), calls for the overthrow of Iran’s clerical leaders and fought alongside Saddam’s forces in the Iran-Iraq war in the 1980s. It also led a guerrilla campaign against the US-backed Shah of Iran during the 1970s, including attacks on US targets.

The United States added the MEK to its list of foreign terrorist organizations in 1997. But the group has since said it renounced violence and mounted a vigorous legal and public relations campaign to have the designation dropped.

The MEK surrendered weapons to US forces after the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

The fate of its remaining members in the country has been in question since Iraq took over the Camp Ashraf from US forces in 2009 under a bilateral security pact. Clashes between Camp Ashraf residents and Iraqi security forces last year killed 34 people.

Iran’s deceit

September 22, 2012

Iran’s deceit – JPost – Opinion – Editorials.

By JPOST EDITORIAL
09/20/2012 22:36
Iranian leaders have not shied away from extraordinary honesty of late. The same sort of bluntness and candidness should be employed by the West.

Iran's Sajil 2 missile

Photo: REUTERS

Iranian officials are not known for their verbal self-restraint, but this was blunt even by their standards. Fereydoun Abbasi, head of Iran’s Atomic Energy Agency, admitted this week that his country regularly lied and deceived the world community regarding its nuclear program.

“Sometimes we show weaknesses we don’t have,” Abbasi said in an interview with the London-based pan-Arab newspaper Al-Hayat. “Sometimes we show strengths we don’t have.”

It is no surprise to anyone that Tehran has been using lies and deception to cover up its march toward a nuclear bomb. What is surprising is Abbasi’s willingness to be quite so candid. No one else as high-ranking among the Shi’ite fanatics running the show in the Islamic Republic has come out and admitted so unambiguously to be intentionally misleading inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Adding to the chutzpah was the timing: Abbasi let loose his revelation while heading a delegation to the IAEA’s 56th General Conference taking place in Vienna. It was as if Abbasi waited for an opportunity to maximize the embarrassment he could cause the IAEA officials for being duped.

This week, Iranian leaders seem to have a proclivity for frank revelations.

On Sunday, Maj.-Gen. Muhammad Ali Jafari, commander of the Revolutionary Guards, declared that Iranian forces were propping up Syrian President Basher Assad’s murderous regime. Members of the Qods Force, the Revolutionary Guards’ international branch, are helping Assad fight the rebels. “We are proud to defend Syria, which constitutes a resistance to the Zionist entity,” Jafari told reporters in Tehran.

On the same day a semi-official Iranian religious institution – the Khordat Foundation – declared it was increasing the reward to $3.3 million from $2.8m. for anyone who would act on a fatwa first issued in 1989 by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and murder British author Salman Rushdie.

The spate of candid declarations made by Iranian officials seems to be tied to the frenzied protests sweeping across the Middle East, North Africa and Europe. Tehran apparently is emboldened by the most recent outbreak of fanaticism. With millions of Muslims giving free rein to their fanaticism, why should the Islamic Republic be reticent?

Whatever the reason for Iranian leaders’ recent outspokenness, it has become increasingly clear that Iran continues to snub the international community. Successive US presidents have vowed to stop Tehran’s nuclear program. And there has been unprecedented international cooperation in imposing powerful sanctions; bolstering the military capacity of those among Iran’s neighbors who would be adversely affected by an Islamic Republic with the bomb; dispatching US forces to the Persian Gulf region; and even offering a face-saving diplomatic solution.

But Iran persists.

Its leaders might believe that a nuclear weapons capability will intimidate Iran’s enemies enough to force them to end the sanctions. If this is the case, the more the economic situation inside Iran deteriorates, the greater the pressure will be to push ahead with the atomic program.

Therefore, the West, led by the US, should explain to Iran’s leaders clearly and unambiguously the severe consequences of their actions. While US President Barack Obama might be adverse to making public statements about red lines, such red lines should be made clear in clandestine contacts with men such as Qasem Suleimani, commander of the Qods Force, or Jafari.

Iranian leaders have not shied away from extraordinary honesty of late. The same sort of bluntness and candidness should be employed by the West. By expressing its unshakable commitment to stopping the Iranian nuclear program, the West, led by the US, stands the best chance of achieving a peaceful resolution to the Iran nuclear crisis. That should be everyone’s goal.

Obama’s dangerous consistency

September 22, 2012

Column One: Obama’s dangerous con… JPost – Opinion – Columnists.

 

 

09/20/2012 21:18
The neoconservative policy of supporting the democratization of Muslim societies adopted by President Barack Obama’s predecessor George W. Bush has failed. And the appeasement policy adopted by Obama has also failed.

Egyptians protest at US embassy. P

hoto: Mohamed Abd El Ghany / Reuters

On Tuesday, Egypt’s chief prosecutor issued arrest warrants against eight US citizens.

Their purported crimes relate either to their reported involvement in the production of the Internet movie critical of Islam that has received so much attention over the past 10 days, or to other alleged anti-Islamic activities.

One of the US citizens indicted is a woman who converted from Islam to Christianity.

According to the Associated Press, Egypt’s general prosecution issued a statement announcing that the eight US citizens have been indicted on charges of insulting and publicly attacking Islam, spreading false information, and harming Egyptian national unity.

The statement stipulated that they could face the death penalty if convicted.

The AP write-up of the story quoted Mamdouh Ismail, a Salafi attorney who praised the prosecution’s move. He claimed it would deter others from exercising their right to free expression in regards to Islam. As he put it, the prosecutions will “set a deterrent for them and anyone else who may fall into this.” That is, they will deter others from saying anything critical about Islam.

This desire to intimidate free people into silence on Islam is clearly the goal the heads of the Muslim Brotherhood seek to achieve through their protests of the anti-Islamic movie. This was the message of Muslim Brotherhood chief Yussuf Qaradawi. Three days after the anti-American assaults began on the anniversary of the September 11 jihadist attacks on America, Qaradawi gave a sermon on Qatar television, translated by MEMRI.

Qaradawi struck a moderate tone. He called on his followers to stop rioting against the US. Rather than attack the US, Qaradawi urged his Muslim audience to insist that the US place prohibitions on the free speech rights of American citizens by outlawing criticism of Islam – just as the Europeans have done in recent years in the face of Islamic terror and intimidation.

In his words, “We say to the US: You must take a strong stance and try to confront this extremism like the Europeans do. This [anti-Islamic film] is not art. It has nothing to do with freedom of speech. This is nothing but curses and insults. Does the freedom to curse and insult constitute freedom of speech?”

Both the actions of the Egyptian prosecution and Qaradawi’s sermon prove incontrovertibly that the two policies the US has adopted since September 11, 2001, to contend with Muslim hatred for the US have failed. The neoconservative policy of supporting the democratization of Muslim societies adopted by President Barack Obama’s predecessor George W. Bush has failed. And the appeasement policy adopted by Obama has also failed.

Bush’s democratization policy claimed that the reason the Muslim world had become a hotbed for anti-Americanism and terror was that the Muslim world was not governed by democratic regimes. Once the peoples of the Muslim world were allowed to be free, and to freely elect their governments, the neoconservatives proclaimed, they would abandon their hatred of America.

As a consequence of this belief, when the anti-regime protests against the authoritarian Mubarak regime began in January 2011, the neoconservatives were outspoken supporters of the overthrow of then-president Hosni Mubarak, despite the fact that he had been the US’s key ally in the Arab world for three decades. They supported the political process that brought the Muslim Brotherhood to power. They supported the process despite the fact that Qaradawi is the most influential cleric in Egypt. They supported it despite the fact that just days after Mubarak was ousted from power, Qaradawi arrived at Cairo’s Tahrir Square and before an audience of two million followers, he called for the invasion of Israel and the conquest of Jerusalem.

In the event, the Egyptian people voted for Qaradawi’s Muslim Brotherhood and for the Salafi party. The distinction between the two parties is that Qaradawi and the Muslim Brotherhood are willing to resort to both violent and nonviolent ways to dominate the world in the name of Islam. The Salafis abjure nonviolence. So while Qaradawi called for the riots to end in order to convince the Americans to criminalize criticism of Islam, his Salafi counterparts called for the murder of everyone involved in producing the anti-Islamic film.

For instance, Salafi cleric Ahmad Fouad Ashoush issued a fatwa on Islamic websites last weekend calling for American and European Muslims to murder those involved with the movie. His religious ruling was translated by the SITE Intelligence Group on Monday.

Ashoush wrote, “Those bastards who did this film are belligerent disbelievers. I issue a fatwa and call on the Muslim youth in America and Europe to do this duty, which is to kill the director, the producer and the actors and everyone who helped and promoted the film.

“So, hurry, hurry, O Muslim youth in America and Europe, and teach those filthy lowly ones a lesson that all the monkeys and pigs in America and Europe will understand. May Allah guide you and grant you success.”

These are the voices of democratic Egypt. The government, which has indicted American citizens on capital charges for exercising their most fundamental right as Americans, is a loyal representative of the sentiments of the Egyptian people who freely elected it. The Salafi preacher is a loyal representative of the segment of the Egyptian people that made the Salafi party the second largest in the Egyptian parliament. Qaradawi’s call for the abolition of freedom of speech in America – as has happened in Europe – and to ban all criticism of Islam is subscribed to by millions and millions of Muslims worldwide who consider him one of the leading Sunni clerics in the world.

Free elections in Egypt have empowered the Egyptian people to use the organs of governance to advance their hatred of America. Their hatred has been empowered, and legitimized, not diminished as the neoconservatives had hoped.

The behavior of the Egyptian government, Qaradawi and the Salafis also makes clear that Obama’s policy of appeasing the Muslim world has failed completely. Whereas Bush believed the source of Muslim hatred was their political oppression at the hands of their regimes, Obama has blamed their rage and hatred on America’s supposed misdeeds.

By changing the way America treats the Muslim world, Obama believes he can end their hatred of America. To this end, he has reached out to the most anti-American forces and regimes in the region and spurned pro-American regimes and political forces.

When Obama’s policies are recognized as driven by appeasement, the seeming inconsistency of his war against Libya’s Muammar Gaddafi on the one hand, and his passivity in the face of the anti-regime uprising in Iran in 2009 and the Syrian uprising against the Assad regime today makes sense. Gaddafi was not a threat to the US, so he was unworthy of protection. The mullahs in Iran and Assad are foes of the US. So they deserve protection. Obama has assiduously courted the Muslim Brotherhood from the outset of his presidency.

The official and unofficial Egyptian exploitation of the Internet film as a means to intimidate and attack the US into disavowing its core principles is proof that Obama’s theory of the source of Muslim rage is wrong. They do not hate America because of what the US government does. They hate America because of what America is. And it is because of this that since September 11, the rationale for Obama’s foreign policy has disintegrated.

Rather than accept this basic truth and defend the American way of life, Obama has doubled down in the only way now available to him. He, his administration, his campaign and his supporters in the media have responded to the collapse of the foundations of his foreign policy by resorting to the sort of actions they accused George W. Bush, his administration and supporters of taking. They have responded with a campaign of political oppression and nativist bigotry directed against their political opponents.

Late last Friday night, law enforcement officers descended on the California home of Nakoula Basseley Nakoula, the man who made the film that the Muslims of the newly free Arab lands find so offensive. Nakoula was questioned by federal authorities and later released. His arrest was photographed. The image of a dozen officers arresting an unarmed man for making a movie was broadcast worldwide within moments.

Beyond persecuting an independent filmmaker, the White House requested that YouTube block access to it. YouTube – owned by Google – has so far rejected the White House’s request.

The Obama administration’s abetment of bigoted nativism to silence criticism of its substantively indefensible foreign policy was on prominent display last Sunday. Obama’s campaign endorsed an anti-Semitic screed published by New York Times columnist Maureen Dowd.

In her column, titled, “Neocons slither back,” Dowd wrote that Republican Presidential and Vice Presidential nominees Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan are mere puppets controlled by “neocon puppet master, Dan Senor.”

Neocon is a popular code for Jewish. It was so identified by Dowd’s Times’ colleague David Brooks several years ago.

Dowd said that “the neocons captured” Bush after the September 11 attacks and “Now, amid contagious Arab rage sparked on the 11th anniversary of 9/11, they have captured another would-be Republican president and vice president, both jejeune about the world.”

One telling aspect of Dowd’s assault on Senor as a neoconservative is that he and his boss in the Bush administration, Paul Bremer, were the nemeses of the neoconservatives at the Pentagon. The only thing Senor has in common with the likes of Paul Wolfowitz and Douglas Feith is that all three men are Jews.

Moreover, Dowd drew a distinction between supposed “neocons” like Senor, and non-Jewish US leaders Donald Rumsfeld and Dick Cheney who merely “abetted” the neocons.

So Senor doesn’t share the same ideological worldview as Feith and Wolfowitz but he’s a neocon. And Cheney and Rumseld do share the same worldview as Feith and Wolfowitz. And they are not neocons.

The Times’ public editor Andrew Rosenthal dismissed claims that Dowd’s column was anti- Semitic, arguing it couldn’t be since she never said a word about Jews.

The Obama campaign linked to Dowd’s column on its Twitter account with the message, “Why Romney and Ryan’s foreign policy sounds ‘ominously familiar.’” Obama’s campaign’s willingness to direct the public to anti-Semitic screeds against his political opponents is consistent with the administration’s general strategy for defending policies. That strategy involves responding to criticism not with substantive defense of his policies, but with ad hominem attacks against his critics.

His failed economic policies’ critics are attacked as “Wall Street fat cats.” His failed foreign policies’ critics are demonized as ominous neocon puppet masters.

There is a difference between appeasing parties that have been harmed by your actions and appeasing parties that wish your destruction. In the 1970s the US appeased the Philippines by transferring sovereignty over the Clark Air Force Base to the Philippine government. America was still America and the US and the Philippines became friends.

To appease a party that hates your way of life, you must change your way of life. The only way America can appease the Muslim world is for America to cease to be America.

Iran commanders threaten Israel’s downfall

September 22, 2012

Iran commanders threaten Israel’… JPost – Iranian Threat – News.

By JPOST.COM STAFF
09/21/2012 23:01
IRGC, ground forces commanders say Iranian retaliation to Israeli strike will lead to destruction of “Zionist regime.”

Iranian military parade Photo: REUTERS/Stringer Iran

Iranian military commanders on Friday threatened the complete destruction of the State of Israel as the country unveiled a domestically manufactured air defense system as part of a military parade, various Iranian news agencies reported.

“If the Zionist regime makes such a move, there will no longer be a thing called the Zionist regime,” Revolutionary Guards General Amir Ali Hajizadeh said, according to Iran’s Press TV. “The Zionist regime cannot even imagine our response to the military attack of this regime.”

Commander of Iran’s ground forces Brig.-Gen. Ahmad Reza Pourdastan told the semi-official Mehr news agency “The enemy will regret it if it one day decides to attack Iran. We will deliver such a response to them that they will regret their act of aggression.”

The parade, displaying military hardware, marked the anniversary of the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq war. According to Iranian state media, the military displayed Shahab 3, Sejjil, Qadr, Sahab and Zelzal missiles during the parade. Iran has claimed the Shahab 3 has a range that can reach Israel and they have reportedly experimented with integrating a nuclear warhead onto the missile.

According to Mehr, the military also unveiled its domestically manufactured Ra’d (Thunder) air defense system. “The system has been manufactured with the aim of confronting US aircraft and can hit targets at a distance of 50 kilometers and at an altitude of 75,000 feet (22,860 meters,)” Hajizadeh said.

Ahmadinejad blames Israel of anti-Islam film

Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad accused Israel of being behind the anti-Islam film that has sparked violent protests in the Muslim world, AFP reported on Friday.

Speaking at the military parade in Tehran, Ahmadinejad called the film an Israeli plot “to divide (Muslims) and spark sectarian conflict.”

Ahmadinejad’s comments on the anti-Islam film came after Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said earlier this week that the American-made video is tied to “Islamophobic policies of arrogant powers and Zionists.”

Khamenei added that it is incumbent upon Western governments to prove to the Muslim world that they are against attacks against Islam. “Leaders of [the US and European countries] must prove that they were not accomplices in this big crime in practice by preventing such crazy measures,” he said.

The 13-minute English-language movie, which was circulated on the Internet under several titles including “Innocence of Muslims,” mocks the Prophet Muhammad and portrays him as a buffoon.

The film helped generate a torrent of violence last week in which the US ambassador to Libya and three other Americans were killed in an attack in Benghazi. US and other foreign embassies were stormed in cities in Asia, Africa and the Middle East by furious Muslims.

For many Muslims, any depiction of the prophet is blasphemous. Caricatures deemed insulting in the past have provoked protests and drawn condemnations from officials, preachers, ordinary Muslims and many Christians.

Nakoula Basseley Nakoula, 55, a Coptic Christian widely linked to the film in media reports, was voluntarily questioned on Saturday by US authorities investigating possible violations of his probation for a bank fraud conviction.

Initial reports described the filmmaker as Sam Bacile, a self-described “Israeli Jew” and now a Los Angeles property developer, who said that the $5 million movie was financed by donations from 100 Jews.

Reuters and Tom Tugend contributed to this report.

Senate passes resolution insisting US prevent nuclear Iran

September 22, 2012

Senate passes resolution insisting US pr… JPost – International.

By REUTERS
09/22/2012 09:50
Non-binding resolution passed by 90-1 vote rules out any strategy aimed at dealing with nuclear-armed Iran; at IAEA meeting, recognized nuclear weapon states oppose Iranian nuclear disarmament proposal.

Interior of Bushehr nuclear plant

Photo: REUTERS/Stringer Iran

The US Senate on Saturday passed by a 90-1 vote a non-binding resolution insisting that the United States prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons and ruling out any strategy aimed at dealing with a nuclear-armed Iran.

The only senator to vote against the resolution was Republican Rand Paul, a Tea Party and libertarian favorite, who argued that it was a de-facto declaration of war.

Paul had sponsored another measure that would suspend foreign aid to the governments of Pakistan, Egypt and Libya in response to recent attacks on US interests in these countries, but this was soundly defeated by a vote of 81-10.

Earlier Saturday, Western states defeated an Iranian proposal at the UN nuclear agency’s annual assembly to amend their draft resolution on a policy area central to its work in preventing the spread of atom bombs.

The draft text was adopted in a vote shortly after midnight after days of closed-door negotiations failed to achieve the traditional consensus, with divisions between a small number of countries led by Iran and a much larger Western-dominated group.

Diplomats said Iran and Egypt had wanted to include language in the resolution suggesting the UN agency should have a role also in nuclear disarmament, apparently reflecting frustration on their part at the lack of faster progress on this issue.

This was opposed by a large majority including the United States, Britain, France and Russia – four officially recognized nuclear weapon states – which believe the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is not the right forum for this, they said.

The West accuses Iran of trying to develop a nuclear weapons capability in secret. The Islamic Republic denies the charge.

Tehran often hits out at the United States over its atomic arsenal, and also criticizes Iran’s arch foe, Israel, and that country’s assumed nuclear weapons.

The annual General Conference of the 155 IAEA member states traditionally adopts several resolutions, setting out general and often vaguely worded policy aspirations and guidelines, during a week-long meeting in Vienna.

As in 2011, the most contentious issue was a text regarding the IAEA’s activities in seeking to make sure nuclear material is not diverted for non-peaceful purposes, a crucial task for the UN agency under the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).

Last year, the gathering failed to agree the resolution on “strengthening the effectiveness and improving the efficiency of the safeguards system” submitted by some 30 Western states.

Safeguards refer to measures undertaken by UN inspectors to discover any attempt by non-nuclear weapons states to use atomic technology or material for developing weapons – for example regular visits and camera surveillance of sites.

This year, Iran said a paragraph saying IAEA “safeguards are a fundamental component of nuclear non-proliferation” should be amended to add “and nuclear disarmament.” This was rejected by 55 votes against and nine for. The resolution then passed by 89 for, no vote against and 16 abstentions, including Iran.

Several countries, including South Africa and Brazil, stressed their support for nuclear disarmament even though they voted against the Iranian proposal.

Under the NPT, a 1970 pact, the five recognized atomic bomb “haves” agreed to work toward eliminating their nuclear weapons, and the “have-nots” pledged not to pursue them.

Critics say there has been more emphasis on meeting the non-proliferation goal than getting the five major powers – the United States, China, Russia, France and Britain – to fulfill their part of the deal.