Archive for March 18, 2010

America locks its own chains

March 18, 2010

To read the British media on the Obama/Israel crisis is to enter a different moral universe and sphere of reality. In the US, as I wrote yesterday, there has been enormous upset over the fight that Obama so egregiously picked with Israel over the supreme non-event of continuing to build in an orthodox Jewish neighbourhood of east Jerusalem. Even the Washington Post questioned Obama’s

quickness to bludgeon the Israeli government.

On Politico, Ben Smith noted the cross party nature of the uproar:

Democratic critics have begun to question the White House’s public pressure on Netanyahu to reverse plans for controversial new housing and make other, unspecified concessions… Pennsylvania Rep. Christopher Carney, a Democrat, and Illinois Republican Rep. Mark Kirk are sending a letter this morning to President Obama asking the administration to climb down.

while Fox News reported:

The Obama administration is drawing fierce criticism from both sides of the aisle for appearing to take dead aim at U.S. policy toward Israel by exploiting a dispute that began as a mere bureaucratic blunder.

Since then, the Obamites have been trying to douse the flames they so crassly fanned. You would never know that, of course, from the coverage in the Guardian which, as CiFWatch well observes, has viciously ignored or up-ended the crucial context in order to fashion the crisis into another stick with which to beat Israel. And in the Times today (whatever has happened to the Times? Its intellectual grasp has simply disintegrated into a jelly) the former Tory Foreign Secretary Malcolm Rifkind simply cannot conceive that this brouhaha can possibly be anything other than Israel Prime Minister Netanyahu’s fault: the only question, apparently, is whether Netanyahu is incompetent or malevolent.

It doesn’t occur to Rifkind that the unceasing incitement by the Palestinians (in recent days over the non-existent threat to the Al Aqsa mosque and the re-opening in the Old City’s Jewish Quarter of the ancient Hurva synagogue) is the real stumbling block to peace; nor the fact that only Israel has made concessions while the Palestinian aggressors have made none and are never expected to do so; nor the fact that they refuse ever to accept the very existence of a Jewish state. No, the only obstacle in Rifkind’s mind is the Israeli settlements. Never mind that the Palestinians are the aggressors in this eight-decade war; to Rifkind, they ‘deserve’ a state. Never mind that the Palestinians have repeatedly turned down the offer of such a state on the vast majority of the disputed land; Rifkind knows it’s all Israel’s fault, whatever happens. Such is the third-rate drivel that passes in Britain for analysis of the Middle East.

Elsewhere, analysis is rather more intelligent and well-informed. On Slate, Lee Smith understands that the real casualty of the Obama/Israel crisis — at the root of which is Obama’s strategy of sucking up to America’s enemies while slapping down its friends — is America’s influence in the region:

But here’s the most important thing: Even if you discount the centrality of shame and honor as operative principles in the Middle East, the Obama administration has blundered by jeopardizing not Israel’s stature but our own regional interests and the Pax Americana that has been ours over the last 35 years. Our position in the region depends on every actor there knowing that we back Israel to the hilt and that they are dependent on us. Sure, there are plenty of times we will not see eye-to-eye on things—differences that should be resolved in quiet consultations—but should any real distance open up between Washington and Jerusalem, that will send a message that the U.S.-backed order of the region is ready to be tested. And that’s exactly what the axis of resistance is seeing right now.

The recent U.S.-Israeli contretemps is not about progress on the Palestinian-Israeli peace process. It is about Iran. The Obama administration has all but announced that it has resigned itself to an Iranian nuclear program and that it is moving toward a policy of containment and deterrence. We will extend a nuclear umbrella to protect our Arab allies in the Gulf, says Secretary of State Clinton, and we will continue to give Israel security guarantees. And, anyway, says Director of National Intelligence Dennis Blair, the Iranians are probably years away from building a deployable nuclear weapon. In rattling Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s cage, the Obama administration was warning Israel not even to contemplate an attack on Iran.

Of course, really effective deterrence would require us to make sure that our Israeli allies were perceived as highly volatile and unpredictable actors who might just take matters into their own hands and bomb Iran‘s nuclear sites. That scenario would have a better chance of cornering Iran and its allies, compelling them to seek relief from us, the rational senior partner. Instead, we’ve just pulled off the strategic equivalent of beating our pit bull on a street corner to show the neighborhood tough guys that we mean business.

President Obama is not intentionally trying to sacrifice our position in the energy-rich and strategically vital Middle East, but his policies may well lead to that. Strategic realignment doesn’t just mean that Washington gets to trade in one set of allies for another. It means that the American order of the region will be superseded by a new order in which we will play a secondary role at best. More likely, as Ahmadinejad and Assad say, it will mean a Middle East without American influence.

In The New Republic, meanwhile, Yossi Klein Halevi writes a typically thoughtful and incisive assessment of the catastrophic consequences of Obama’s hissy fit against Israel – catastrophic for the very ‘peace process’ which is his ostensible driving force:

Obama is directly responsible for one of the most absurd turns in the history of Middle East negotiations. Though Palestinian leaders negotiated with Israeli governments that built extensively in the West Bank, they now refused to sit down with the first Israeli government to actually agree to a suspension of building. Obama’s demand for a building freeze in Jerusalem led to a freeze in negotiations. Finally, after intensive efforts, the administration produced the pathetic achievement of ‘proximity talks’—setting Palestinian-Israeli negotiations back a generation, to the time when Palestinian leaders refused to sit at the same table with Israelis.

That Obama could be guilty of such amateurishness was perhaps forgivable because he was, after all, an amateur. But he has now taken his failed policy and intensified it. By demanding that Israel stop building in Ramat Shlomo and elsewhere in East Jerusalem—and placing that demand at the center of American-Israeli relations—he’s ensured that the Palestinians won’t show up even to proximity talks. This is no longer amateurishness; it is pique disguised as policy.

Elsewhere, speculation continues that what Obama is really trying to do is neutralise Netanyahu. Never forget, after all, that before he was elected Obama observed he would find it difficult to work with a Likud government. Now journalist Jeffrey Goldberg, thought to be close to Obama, reports that the President is trying to force Kadima leader Tzipi Livni into Netanyahu’s cabinet. If true, this would be an outrageous attempt by the US to interfere in the internal politics of a democratic sovereign state.

But given Obama’s radical background, circle and whole mindset, this surely goes far deeper than Netanyahu. It’s a mindset, moreover, that he shares with the whole western post-nation, post-objective, post-moral intelligentsia on both left and right (which is what is now coming to dominate the pages of the Times). Here’s an excellent analysis by Barry Rubin of why the Obama administration is beating up on Israel:

On whom can the Administration’s failures be blamed? Answer: Israel. Since it is a friend of the United States and to some degree dependent on it, no matter what the Obama Administration does to Israel that country has no wish or way to retaliate. It is safe to beat up on Israel. By doing so, the Administration gets Europeans to go along easily and can say to Arabs and Muslims: See we are tough on Israel so you should be nice to us… In short, the Administration is falling for the oldest trick, the most venerable con-game, in the Middle East book: Move away from Israel, pressure Israel, solve the conflict, and all the Arab governments will love America and do what it wants them to do.

What makes this even more ridiculous is that now the United States is focusing on Iran and Afghanistan, places where Israel-Palestinian issues clearly have zero effect on events. Sunni and Shia Iraqis aren’t in conflict because of Israel; Sunni insurgents aren’t attacking American troops because of Israel. Al-Qaida and the Taliban aren’t fighting to seize power in Afghanistan and Pakistan because of Israel. And al-Qaida isn’t seeking to overturn all Arab regimes, create an Islamist government, and destroy any Western role in the Middle East because of Israel.

And even if the Israel issue may be one factor affecting the attitudes of Arabs toward revolutionary Islamism it is only a single factor among many. The people prone to supporting revolutionary Islamism won’t interpret an American conflict with Israel as showing the goodness of Obama but the weakness of Obama and the coming triumph of Iran in the region.

It’s worth reading the whole of this very grounded analysis. But there’s a yet further, and chilling, sting in the tail. Rubin writes:

I have been informed that on a number of occasions that my criticisms of the Obama Administration have led to my being denied certain opportunities regarding projects and writing venues.

Ah yes. Of course. John Bull long ago turned into a lemming, but the Land of the Free is now in the process of locking its own chains.

Israel, the United States, and the Military Option against Iran,

March 18, 2010

Israel, the United States, and the Military Option against Iran,.

Gaps between Israel and the American administration and their implications from Israel’s perspective

Rick Moran
Is President Obama preparing for a massive strike on the Iranian nuclear program?

The Times of India is reporting that a British company has contracted with the US Navy to deliver 300 “bunker busting” bombs to the British base in Diego Garcia – a staging area for strikes against Iraq in 1991 and 2003.

Along with other signs of increased activity, one analyst who has been tracking US preparations believes that at the very least, President Obama will have the option of striking Iran:

Contract details for the shipment were posted on an international tenders’ website by the US navy. “They are gearing up totally for the destruction of Iran,” Dan Plesch, director of the Centre for International Studies and Diplomacy at the University of London, said.

“US bombers are ready today to destroy 10,000 targets in Iran in a few hours,” Plesch, who is the co-author of a recent study on the US preparations for an attack on Iran, stressed.

The final decision on whether to launch an attack would be in the hands of US president Barack Obama. He may decide that it would be better for the US to act instead of Israel, Plesch argued.

“The US is not publicising the scale of these preparations to deter Iran, tending to make confrontation more likely,”Plesch said, adding, “The US is using its forces as part of an overall strategy of shaping Iran’s actions.”

Diego Garcia is a British territory about 1,000 miles south of India and Sri Lanka but is used as a US military base as part of an agreement reached in 1971.

No comment from the Pentagon with regards to these moves.

These moves make sense for two reasons; first, it is better for the US to hit Iran than Israel. This has been plain for years since the possibility of precipitating a wider war if Israel were to act has always been the biggest worry for US defense and foreign policy planners. With a US unilateral strike, it is much less likely that Iran would strike Israel and Syria join in. We are also in a better position to defend our assets in the region than Israel is in defending its territory against the increasingly sophisticated missile arsenal in Iran.

Secondly, while there would no doubt be resistance from China and Russia, there has been a definite hardening of opinion among our European allies against Iran. Getting everything ready for a strike gives the president the option of going to war if it appears Iran is on the cusp of getting the bomb or, more probable, demonstrating the ability to quickly construct one.

Would he do it? Presidents in political trouble are not above waving the big stick if it would rally the country to them. Despite his pacifist inclinations, don’t put it past Obama to bomb Iran if the combination of low approval ratings and declining re-election numbers were to happen. He’s already demonstrated an ability to thumb his nose at his liberal base. And besides, a GOP opponent who ran in 2012 accusing the president of “allowing” Iran to get the bomb would be making a potent argument.

Any action would be a “last resort” scenario and Iran is not done trying to stall the west into forgoing sanctions against it while it tries to build the capability to construct a bomb. The dance at the UN has yet to play itself completely out, but when it does, it will be decision time for the president and the west.

A bluff? Or are we prepping an Iran strike?

March 18, 2010

American Thinker Blog: A bluff? Or are we prepping an Iran strike?.

Rick Moran
Is President Obama preparing for a massive strike on the Iranian nuclear program?

The Times of India is reporting that a British company has contracted with the US Navy to deliver 300 “bunker busting” bombs to the British base in Diego Garcia – a staging area for strikes against Iraq in 1991 and 2003.

Along with other signs of increased activity, one analyst who has been tracking US preparations believes that at the very least, President Obama will have the option of striking Iran:

Contract details for the shipment were posted on an international tenders’ website by the US navy. “They are gearing up totally for the destruction of Iran,” Dan Plesch, director of the Centre for International Studies and Diplomacy at the University of London, said.

“US bombers are ready today to destroy 10,000 targets in Iran in a few hours,” Plesch, who is the co-author of a recent study on the US preparations for an attack on Iran, stressed.

The final decision on whether to launch an attack would be in the hands of US president Barack Obama. He may decide that it would be better for the US to act instead of Israel, Plesch argued.

“The US is not publicising the scale of these preparations to deter Iran, tending to make confrontation more likely,”Plesch said, adding, “The US is using its forces as part of an overall strategy of shaping Iran’s actions.”

Diego Garcia is a British territory about 1,000 miles south of India and Sri Lanka but is used as a US military base as part of an agreement reached in 1971.

No comment from the Pentagon with regards to these moves.

These moves make sense for two reasons; first, it is better for the US to hit Iran than Israel. This has been plain for years since the possibility of precipitating a wider war if Israel were to act has always been the biggest worry for US defense and foreign policy planners. With a US unilateral strike, it is much less likely that Iran would strike Israel and Syria join in. We are also in a better position to defend our assets in the region than Israel is in defending its territory against the increasingly sophisticated missile arsenal in Iran.

Secondly, while there would no doubt be resistance from China and Russia, there has been a definite hardening of opinion among our European allies against Iran. Getting everything ready for a strike gives the president the option of going to war if it appears Iran is on the cusp of getting the bomb or, more probable, demonstrating the ability to quickly construct one.

Would he do it? Presidents in political trouble are not above waving the big stick if it would rally the country to them. Despite his pacifist inclinations, don’t put it past Obama to bomb Iran if the combination of low approval ratings and declining re-election numbers were to happen. He’s already demonstrated an ability to thumb his nose at his liberal base. And besides, a GOP opponent who ran in 2012 accusing the president of “allowing” Iran to get the bomb would be making a potent argument.

Any action would be a “last resort” scenario and Iran is not done trying to stall the west into forgoing sanctions against it while it tries to build the capability to construct a bomb. The dance at the UN has yet to play itself completely out, but when it does, it will be decision time for the president and the west.

Deterrence tested in Gaza – Israel Opinion, Ynetnews

March 18, 2010

Deterrence tested in Gaza – Israel Opinion, Ynetnews.

Deterrence tested in Gaza

Ron Ben-Yishai offers analysis following first lethal Qassam attack since Operation Cast Lead

Ron Ben-Yishai

Published: 03.18.10, 17:14 / Israel Opinion
P{margin:0;} UL{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-right: 16; padding-right:0;} OL{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-right: 32; padding-right:0;} H3.pHeader {margin-bottom:3px;COLOR: #192862;font-size: 16px;font-weight: bold;margin-top:0px;} P.pHeader {margin-bottom:3px;COLOR: #192862;font-size: 16px;font-weight: bold;}// The Qassam rocket that killed a Thai laborer in the Negev Thursday poses a test for the IDF’s deterrence and response policy. Since Operation Cast Lead, for more than a year, more than 330 rockets and mortar shells had been fired from the Gaza Strip. During the same period, several attacks were carried out along the Gaza fence and at sea. The perpetrators of almost all the (sporadic and ineffective) rocket attacks, as well as the strikes along the fence, were members of “rogue” groups such as the Islamic Jihad and radical Islam groups. These organizations are motivated by the radical ideology of Global Jihad and al-Qaeda, and their goal is to continue the armed struggle against Israel.

One of these groups claimed responsibility for both Wednesday’s and Thursday’s rocket attacks. Meanwhile, Hamas members have refrained almost completely from firing rockets or directing attacks at Israel over the past year or so. This was done as not to provide Israel with a pretext to deploy the IDF for another operation in the Strip, and in order not to enhance the distress faced by Gaza civilians.

Lethal Attack
Man killed in Qassam attack / Shmulik Hadad
Rocket fired from Gaza hits Israeli territory for third time in last 24 hours, killing Thai foreign worker in Netiv Ha’asara greenhouse. Ansar al-Suna Brigades claim responsibility for attack
Full Story

The State of Israel has a similar interest in maintaining the relative calm that had taken root on the Gaza border as result of the deterrence created by Cast Lead among the Palestinians, and especially among Hamas’ leadership. “Arrangement through deterrence” is how security officials refer to this unofficial and unwritten agreement between Israel and Hamas that has maintained the relative quiet in the western Negev.

Hence, the IDF’s response to attacks launched by rogue groups was restrained and expected. In cases where the rocket cells and attackers were spotted while preparing for execution, the IDF targeted them from the air and from the ground. In cases where rockets were fired, the IDF responded with aerial bombardment of smuggling tunnels under the Philadelphi Route and also hit tunnels aimed for attacks as well as facilities and means used for producing rockets and weapons.

The objective of these retaliatory attacks was to mostly hit Hamas “assets,” even though the group’s members were uninvolved in the attacks. This was done because Israel holds Hamas, which is in power in Gaza, responsible for what goes on in the Strip. The bombings were meant to motivate Hamas to enforce the “arrangement” on the rogue groups that challenge its rule.

Equation has changed

Hamas makes an effort not to clash with Palestinian Islamic Jihad, which is supported and to a large extent activated by Iran, even when group members occasionally fire at Israel. Meanwhile, Islamic Jihad attempts not to embarrass Hamas. Hence, the main challenge for Hamas (and for Israel) is to restrain Global Jihad groups. In some cases, Hamas brutally clashed with these groups, when they openly challenge its rule and accused it of caving in to Israel’s edicts. However, Hamas usually shows caution in acts meant to restrain attackers who fire at Israel. Members of Hamas’ operational force usually detain radical Islam men before or after attacks, confiscate their weapons, warn them, and then release them.

As noted, the IDF has thus far shown relative restraint in its response to attacks directed at our territory. One of the important reasons for this is the criticism leveled at Israel internationally because of the Goldstone Report and Gaza blockade. Another reason is that these rocket attacks are usually inefficient and sporadic. A third reason is the “understanding” shown to the difficulties faced by Hamas, which genuinely attempts to prevent attacks. However, the rocket that killed a man in Israel Thursday changed the equation.

In Israel and in the world too, we have seen an entrenched practice in the past dozens of years whereby bloodshed comes with a different “price tag” compared to failed attacks. Hence, we can assume that this time the IDF will respond to an extent that would cause severe damage to Hamas. Among other reasons, this is the case because it’s quite clear that the frequent rocket fire in the past day was carried out as result of Hamas incitement and the calls by its leaders for an Intifada, in the context of tensions in Jerusalem over the holy sites. It’s also possible that Hamas turned a blind eye to preparations for the rocket attack even if it knew about them.

However, in crafting a response, Israel’s political and military leaders will also take into account the fact that the European Union’s foreign policy chief, Catharine Ashton, is currently visiting the region. She was in fact in Gaza when the lethal rocket was fired. In light of these considerations, we can assume that the response expected by Hamas will be carried out in a way that will make it clear to the group that Israel’s patience is limited, and that honoring and enforcing the unwritten agreement in Gaza is first and foremost a Hamas interest.

The other threat to Israel

March 18, 2010

The other threat to Israel | The Call.

Posted By Ian Bremmer Share

To the long list of Israel’s vulnerabilities, add the risk that the country won’t be able to attract as much foreign investment in coming years and that the most talented Israelis will leave the country.

A generation ago, Western companies looked at the rest of the Middle East as an oil play. Israel’s world-class education standards, its durable political institutions, its capable bureaucrats, and its strong rule of law earned the confidence of those looking to set up shop in other sectors.

Today, other countries in the region offer attractive opportunities for retail, tourism, health care, light-medium manufacture, and a host of other investments, and Israel’s small size and political isolation are becoming real weaknesses. Persian Gulf and other Middle Eastern governments are letting would-be investors know that companies with a large-scale presence in Israel aren’t going to fare as well inside their borders. Over time, this subtle (in some cases, not-so-subtle) pressure could have an impact.

Israel has outlasted many such threats in the past. The country’s comparative excellence in advanced technology — an area requiring limited long-term capital exposure and where the Israelis have little competition in the region — will offer lasting advantages. Second, Iran’s nuclear program provides a seriously destabilizing element to the politics of the region, but it doesn’t pose much direct threat to Israel’s economic development. Israel’s military capabilities, including its own nuclear weapons program, make direct conflict with Iran highly unlikely.

Other threats are more serious. One day soon, Hezbollah will have access to missiles with the range and accuracy to effectively target Tel Aviv from anywhere inside Lebanon. That will be a game-changer for Israel’s security, its economy, and its politics. More than half of Israel’s population and the heart of its economy are centered in and around Tel Aviv. As the city becomes more vulnerable to the threat of precision-guided missile attacks, those Israelis most directly involved in the country’s economic and financial life will be the most vulnerable to attack — and some may well leave the country.

Tel Aviv’s vulnerabilities to ballistic missile attack will strike at the heart of Israel’s technology and pharmaceutical industries. Consider the recent history of Armenia. Once the best educated of Soviet republics, a steadily deteriorating security environment, better opportunities elsewhere, and a strong Armenian diaspora presence in Russia, France, the United States and other countries made it easy and attractive for the best educated Armenians to leave. And leave they did — about a third of the population emigrated within 15 years of the Soviet collapse. The exodus hollowed Armenia out, and the country has yet to recover its economic dynamism. With an almost certain-to-deteriorate security environment, Israel’s greatest long-term risk may be a serious brain drain, just as its Arab neighbors are opening for business in so many non-energy-related sectors.

That’s a lot more dangerous for Israel’s future than a surprise attack from Tehran.

Iran shakes up guards, U.S. ‘ships bombs’ – UPI.com

March 18, 2010

Iran shakes up guards, U.S. ‘ships bombs’ – UPI.com.

DUBAI, United Arab Emirates, March 18 (UPI) — Amid growing concerns of renewed conflict in the Middle East, the Tehran regime has shaken up the leadership of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, putting a veteran general who operated in Lebanon with Hezbollah in command of its ground forces.

Meantime, in an indication that the Americans are also making preparatory moves, the Pentagon is reported to be shipping hundreds of “bunker-buster” deep-penetration bombs to the Indian Ocean island of Diego Garcia.

The British-owned island, about 1,000 miles south of India, was used by U.S. forces to launch airstrikes against Iraq during the 1991 and 2003 wars in the Gulf.

The Sunday Herald of Scotland reports that in January the Pentagon contracted Superior Maritime Services of Florida to ship a cargo of munitions that includes 195 1,000-pound BLU-110 and 192 2,000-pound BLU-117 “bunker busters” to Diego Garcia.

This raised speculation that the ordnance was being deployed for possible air attacks on Iran’s key nuclear facilities, most of which are deep underground, and other strategic targets.

U.S. B-2 stealth bombers are based on Diego Garcia. Although it is part of the British Indian Ocean Territory, the Americans use it as a military base under a 1971 agreement.

In Tehran, Sunday’s appointment of Brig. Gen. Mohammad Pakpour by Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, indicated the regime plans to wage an asymmetrical war if the United States attacks Iran’s nuclear infrastructure.

Pakpour will serve under Maj. Gen. Mohammad Ali Jaafari, the IRGC commander. Jaafari is a respected strategist who, before he was appointed by Khamenei in 2007, was director of a Tehran think tank that concentrates on asymmetric defensive strategy.

“The combination of the two personalities reflects Iran’s true defensive strategy,” the U.S. global security consultancy Stratfor said.

Khamenei’s decree appointing Pakpour noted, “It is expected that you will maintain the devoted personnel, use innovative methods and modern technology and draw up the necessary plans to carry out your responsibilities and boost the level of preparedness.”

His experience with Hezbollah, the only Arab force to make a strong showing against the Israelis, should prove invaluable.

The Shiite movement, heavily armed by Iran and Syria and which functions more like a conventional army than a guerrilla force, will be a key instrument of Iranian retaliation in the event that hostilities break out.

If Israel is involved, Hezbollah can be expected to mount a major offensive involving thousands of rockets and missiles as well as seasoned ground forces who fought the Israeli army to a standstill in their monthlong 2006 war.

Military analysts say that if Iran goes to war with the United States, Tehran expects its heavily outgunned and outnumbered air force, with few advanced combat aircraft, and probably its naval forces as well, will be severely mauled, if not decimated by U.S. firepower.

In that scenario, the 125,000-strong IRGC, the most powerful fighting force in the Iranian military, would deploy its infantry and commando units to wage a guerrilla-style war against U.S. ground forces.

It is highly unlikely that the Americans would risk actually invading Iran, with its vast deserts and mountains, because it would take huge land forces to do so and the United States is already heavily engaged in the Afghanistan-Pakistan theater.

“In addition to reprisal attacks by Hezbollah and attempts to mine the Strait of Hormuz, truly defending Iran against actual invasion — something no one but the Iranians are contemplating — would look a lot like southern Lebanon in 2006, with irregular, asymmetric forces using Iran’s rugged terrain to wear down any invader,” Stratfor said in an analysis.

Also Sunday, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, himself a former IRGC commander who conducted behind-the-lines operations during the 1980-88 war with Iraq, named a high-powered team tasked with minimizing the effect of war damage on the country in the event of war.

The committee is headed by Maj. Gen. Hassan Firouzabadi, chief of staff of Iran’s armed forces and includes the ministers of defense, interior and science.

“Both moves reflect relatively long-standing Iranian thinking and are prudent military planning but nevertheless are emblematic of a continually defiant Iran remaining wary that a potential miscalculation in its careful management of the nuclear crisis could lead to an attack,” Stratfor concluded.