Archive for January 2010

Eizenkot: Reports of tensions in North ‘virtual reality’

January 25, 2010

Eizenkot: Reports of tensions in North ‘virtual reality’ | Israel | Jerusalem Post.

While threatening to use disproportionate force in the event of a new conflict with Hizbullah, OC Northern Command Maj.-Gen. Gadi Eizenkot downplayed recent media reports regarding Israeli plans to attack Lebanon.

OC Northern Command Maj.-Gen....

OC Northern Command Maj.-Gen. Gadi Eizenkot
Photo: Channel 2

“Reports in the media about tension in the North is a virtual reality that has no grounds in reality,” Eizenkot said during a conference at the Institute for National Security Studies in Tel Aviv, while adding that the IDF was “continuously upgrading and improving its capabilities.”

Eizenkot’s remarks came one day after Likud Minister Yossi Peled said that another war with Hizbullah was inevitable.

On Saturday night, the Prime Minister’s Office also distanced itself from Peled’s remarks and issued a statement that Israel “is not looking for any confrontation with anyone. Israel is interested in peace.”

Eizenkot said that the IDF’s working assumption was that Syria has transferred all types of arms, missiles and weapons in its arsenal to Hizbullah.

“Hizbullah is different today than in 2006,” he said. “It has significantly increased its missile capability and can operate from deep inside Lebanon and penetrate deep into Israel.”

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Eizenkot said that he believed the IDF had the “moral” right to disproportionately attack Hizbullah strongholds inside Lebanese villages in Southern Lebanon if Israel was attacked by the Iranian-backed guerilla group.

In an apparent reference to UNIFIL claims that Hizbullah was no longer present in southern Lebanon, Eizenkot said that it was building up its forces and storing its weapons inside the 160 Shiite villages in southern Lebanon.

“There are holes in UNIFIL’s mandate since it cannot operate in built-up areas,” he said, while stressing that the peacekeeping force has hindered Hizbullah’s ability to move freely along the border with Israel.

“Hizbullah is the one that is turning these areas into a battleground,” Eizenkot said, adding that during the Second Lebanon War in 2006, Israeli warnings to the civilian population allowed senior Hizbullah leaders to escape, including Sheikh Hassan Nasrallah.

Earlier in the day, outgoing UNIFIL commander-general Claudio Graziano denied that arms had been smuggled to Hizbullah in southern Lebanon.

Speaking to Army Radio, Graziano instead criticized Israel for violating UN Resolution 1701, citing IAF forays into Lebanese airspace. The resolution ended the Second Lebanon War and bolstered the UN presence in southern Lebanon to ensure the prevention of renewed conflict between Israel and Hizbullah.

“There are Israeli violations of 1701, and this undermines the credibility of UNIFIL and the Lebanese army,” Graziano said. “Even if Israel says that the flights are a vital step meant to prevent smuggling and provide intelligence, they are a violation of state sovereignty, and furthermore, humiliation.”

In Israel, there are assertions that Hizbullah is getting stronger and continuing to smuggle weapons from Syria and Iran. Proof of this, sources in Jerusalem are reported to have said, include the explosion six months ago of a weapons cache only ten kilometers from the Israeli-Lebanese border in the town of Hirbat Salim – weapons said to have originated in Syria.

During the Army Radio interview, Graziano took issue with the Israeli assessment, insisting that weapons had not been smuggled into southern Lebanon. Graziano did not similarly criticize Hizbullah and he stressed that in recent years there have been no incidents of violence between UNIFIL forces and Hizbullah.

A Beirut cabinet minister was quoted as saying Sunday that the situation in Lebanon was similar to that which preceded the IDF invasion in 1982.

The minister, Ra’azi Eloraidi, called for Lebanese unity in dealing with the “Israeli threats.” He added that the Lebanese people should not be made to pay the price for the Iranian nuclear issue.

Against the background of reports of anxiety in the North, Deputy Foreign Minister Danny Ayalon reiterated during a meeting in Jerusalem Sunday with Michael Williams, the UN’s special coordinator on Lebanon, that Israel had no interest in an escalation of tensions with Lebanon or Hizbullah.

“Our first and foremost interest is to preserve the quiet and stability in the North,” Ayalon said. “Therefore we should work together with UNIFIL and the Lebanese army to stop arms smuggling and violations of UN Security Council Resolution 1701.”

Ayalon said that the continued violation of 1701 and the smuggling of arms from Iran and Syria to Hizbullah were the central threats to stability in the north.

Williams, according to Ayalon’s office, welcomed Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu’s statement Saturday night distancing himself from comments Minister without Portfolio Yossi Peled said that same day regarding the inevitability of another military conflict with Lebanon.

The two men also discussed Ghajar and various proposals for an Israeli pullback from the northern part of the town, which straddles the Lebanese border.

Prior to meeting Ayalon, Williams met Foreign Ministry director-general Yossi Gal, who has been leading the Israeli team negotiating with UNIFIL over a possible withdrawal from the town, which straddles the Lebanese border. Discussions with UNIFIL have centered on how UNIFIL forces would be deployed in and around Ghajar – following an IDF pullback – to prevent Hizbullah from infiltrating men or arms into Israel through the village.

The government has reportedly approved a plan to turn over control of the northern half of the village to UNIFIL. No physical barrier would be built between the northern and southern parts of the village, but rather UNIFIL would patrol both the northern half and the perimeter.

Jerusalem Post staff contributed to the report.

Ahmadinejad promises new developments in nuclear fuel upgrade

January 24, 2010

Ahmadinejad promises new developments in nuclear fuel upgrade – Haaretz – Israel News.

Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said Sunday there would soon be what he called “happy news” about developments in Iran’s nuclear programs, but did not elaborate.

The president told reporters in the parliament that the news would involve the upgrade of low-enriched uranium from 3.5 to 20 per cent.

Ahmadinejad said an announcement of the new developments would be officially made in February, when the country will celebrate the 31st anniversary of the 1979 Islamic revolution.


According to a plan brokered last year by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Iran’s low-enriched uranium was to be processed by Russia and France for use as fuel in a Tehran medical reactor.

Iran however rejected the original plan and said it would either be ready to purchase fuel, swap its uranium in three different phases on Iranian soil, or process it by itself.

On Saturday, the London-based newspaper Al-Hayat quoted French President Nicolas Sarkozy as saying that Israel will not sit idly by while Iran continues to work on its nuclear program, Israel Radio reported.

According to the report, Sarkozy, who recently met with Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri, reportedly told him that France has proof Iran is working to develop an atomic bomb.

“Israel might take action to prevent the Iranian regime, which wants to wipe it off the map, from obtaining a nuclear bomb,” Sarkozy reportedly said.

Sarkozy also reportedly said that if he had to choose between Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, he would prefer the Israeli leader despite some diplomatic differences they may have.

Sarkozy says Iran developing nuclear bomb

January 24, 2010

Sarkozy says Iran developing nuclear bomb

PARIS, Jan. 23 (UPI) — Nicolas Sarkozy said Saturday Iran is developing atomic weapons and Israel could act to eliminate that threat, unidentified aides to the French president said.

Sarkozy reportedly made the comments during a meeting in Paris with Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri, aides of the French president told the Arabic newspaper al-Hayat. Al-Hayat did not name the aides.

Sarkozy reportedly said France has proof Iran is building nuclear weapons and Israel will not tolerate atomic proliferation in Iran, Ynetnews.com reported.

On other matters, Sarkozy said France would sell the Lebanese government whatever military equipment is needed for Lebanon to defend itself against militant extremists, his aides told al-Hayat.

via UPI NewsTrack TopNews – UPI.com.

Russia’s FSB seeks Israeli drones – UPI.com

January 24, 2010

Russia’s FSB seeks Israeli drones – UPI.com.

MOSCOW, Jan. 22 (UPI) — Russia’s Federal Security Service, successor to the KGB, is reportedly negotiating with Israel to purchase advanced unmanned aerial vehicles for border surveillance amid a torrent of complaints by the military about the poor quality of Russian-built drones.

Russian business newspaper Kommersant reports that the security service, known by its Russian acronym FSB, seeks at least five high-performance Orbiter UAVs from Israel’s Aeronautics Defense Systems.

Israel is a world leader in developing and manufacturing advanced UAVs. Its military forces have used them extensively for surveillance of the Palestinian territories in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and in Lebanon, its northern neighbor.

It has also used missile-armed UAVs for airstrikes, including the assassination of militant leaders on both fronts in recent years.

The Orbiter has a silent electric motor that reduces detection from the ground. It can carry a payload — video cameras and transmitters — of around 3.5 pounds at a maximum altitude of around 8,500 feet for two to three hours.

“That the FSB should express interest in UAVs is not surprising,” according to the Washington-based Jamestown Foundation, which monitors global security issues.

“There are a number of locations where they would enhance border security, ranging from the Russian-Kazakh border to potential conflict zones such as Abkhazia, South Ossetia as well as in the North Caucasus.

“The deterioration in the security situation in the North Caucasus is undoubtedly a factor in the timing of the FSB initiative, since special services are at the forefront of combating the rising tide of insurgency.”

The reported move to buy Orbiters followed the Russian Defense Ministry’s purchase of 12 UAVs from Israel in April 2009 for $53 million.

The acquisition from state-owned Israel Aerospace Industries of Bird-Eye 400 mini-UAVs, I-View Mk 150 tactical UAVs and Searcher Mk 2 medium-range craft was the first sale of Israeli drones to Russia.

According to various sources, the Russian military wants up to 50 Israeli UAVs, particularly long-range endurance craft.

Russia’s efforts at developing its own UAVs have been unsuccessful. These include aircraft and helicopter UAVS known as the ZALA 421-04M and ZALA 421-06 produced by the Izhevsk Company Bespilotnyye Sistemy, or Unmanned Systems, for the FSB that were deployed in May 2009.

Other domestically manufactured UAVs, such as the Irkut-10, were delivered to the military as well. The Orbiter is a direct competitor of the Irkut-10 and the Eleron-10.

The Russians have sought for years to develop their own UAVs. But the brief war with Georgia in 2008 showed that their domestically produced surveillance platforms were less than satisfactory.

The Russians, however, were impressed by Georgia’s use of Israeli Hermes 450 tactical UAVs built by Elbit Systems.

Israel has been reluctant to sell its UAVs to the Russians because it feared they would steal the technology by reverse engineering. Indeed, Russian officials have made no secret about their intentions.

But there has been speculation that Israel decided to make the sales in return for Moscow not supplying Iran with advanced air-defense missiles to protect its nuclear facilities, which the Israelis threaten to attack.

On Jan. 16 Russian newspaper Nezavisimoye Voyennoye Obozreniye commented that the FSB’s disclosure of its interest in foreign UAVs was probably “a mechanism to exert additional pressure on the defense industry” to come up with better designs.

“Such pressure is now mounting from various quarters, including the Defense Ministry, Prime Minister Valdimir Putin and Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov,” Jamestown reported.

“The FSB has now joined the chorus of complaints from the army and the air force demanding superior quality drones.”

January 22, 2010

Hezbollah and Syria on alert fearing IDF attack on Lebanon – Haaretz – Israel News

January 22, 2010
An IDF Armored Personnel Carrier team holds up a Hezbollah flag and Lebanese flag as they return from fighting in Lebanon in July 2006.
(Archive

Syria and Hezbollah have gone on alert anticipating an Israeli attack on Lebanon, the London-based A-Sharq al-Awsat daily reported on Friday.

According to the report, Hezbollah has been monitoring with caution the reinforcement of Israel Defense Forces troops along the Lebanon border.

Hezbollah’s deputy secretary general, Naeem Kassem, said the group was preparing to retaliate although it had no proof of any such Israeli plans.

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Syria has meanwhile begun to call up reserves troops, including nationals residing in Lebanon.

The IDF responded to the report by denying any plans for renewing conflict against Lebanon.

via Hezbollah and Syria on alert fearing IDF attack on Lebanon – Haaretz – Israel News.

An Incremental Leap in Defense Deployment of the Civilian Front | Global Terrorism

January 21, 2010

An Incremental Leap in Defense Deployment of the Civilian Front | Global Terrorism.

Written by Meir Elran
Thursday, 21 January 2010 08:50
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Insight No. 157

In early 2010 the Israeli public and the country’s enemies learned of two important developments with regard to intensified protection of the civilian front. It was reported unofficially that the security cabinet decided to distribute protection kits to the public beginning in February 2010, over a period of three years and costing some NIS 1 billion. Immediately thereafter it was announced that the Iron Dome mobile air defense system, developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems to intercept mortar fire and short range (4-70 km.) rockets, succeeded in intercepting an integrated barrage of missiles simulating Qassam and Grad rockets.

It was also reported that following the success of the trial, the system would be proclaimed operational in the near future and the first batteries will be deployed in the coming months, initially in southern Israel and later in the north as well.

These announcements join a series of other developments that collectively indicate a more serious approach by the defense authorities than in the past with regard to the home front’s readiness to deal with the growing challenges of Hamas, Hizbollah, Syria, and Iran. Among these are the series of intense regional and national exercises initiated and operated in various areas by the Home Front Command and National Emergency Authority (NEA) that addressed various threat scenarios, including non-conventional. These exercises demonstrated enhanced professionalism among the different civilian systems and familiarized much of the general public with what is required in real emergency situations.

There was also a recent report of improvement in the discovery and identification capabilities of the Arrow missile (whose production has recently increased) and Patriot missile batteries, offering greater flexibility in defense against long range ballistic missiles. This improvement was reflected in the last joint exercise with the US Army, Jennifer Cobra, which also involved American radar units permanently stationed in Israel. In addition, development of the Magic Wand medium range active defense system continued, and the system should be operational by 2012. Work was also maintained on the warning system for the general public which, in the next two years, is designed to produce focused alerts for more specific areas. This will make it possible to alert people under real threat and to allow the others to carry on with their lives as usual.

All this indicates a planned, orderly, and ongoing effort to maintain readiness for war on the home front. It is hoped that within three years this will lead to a significant reduction in the gap between the improved ability of the enemy to strike civilian targets in the periphery and center of the country, and Israel’s civilian defense abilities. Of course the defense capabilities do not stand alone and must combine with the IDF’s deterrent and offense abilities. Yet their contribution is crucial to the prevention or postponement of a military confrontation and to the provision of a suitable response for renewed escalation where there is a high probability of extensive attack scenarios on the home front.

This encouraging picture of progress regarding civil defense capabilities in Israel indicates that Israel’s decision makers have come to the realization that in the age of asymmetric confrontations, civil defense capabilities must be established. The Meridor committee on Israel’s defense doctrine (2006) updated the doctrine by including a recommendation in this regard. Something has apparently shifted in the traditional debate on the importance that should be attached to the various components of Israel’s overall defense force: Since 2006 Israel has invested more resources in constructing a military and civil defense capability. The turning point undoubtedly followed the Second Lebanon War which set off shockwaves not only as to aspects of the IDF’s offensive abilities and limitations but also with regard to the defense limitations of the home front. It is also clear that conveying the Iranian threat, directly and indirectly – through its local “emissaries” – did the trick. Overall, the general orientation is fundamentally correct and balanced and the progress toward a strategic solution is noteworthy.

Nevertheless, a number of reservations balance the picture, particularly as to the future:

  • Developing active defense operational systems is of the utmost importance. The true test will be the actual extent and rate of equipment procurement. In order to generate effective defense cover against the various threats and for the different ranges, it will be necessary to deploy large numbers of different types of batteries at high costs. The assumption is that the IDF’s force development programs will continue to focus on building deterrent and offensive abilities. The rest will first and foremost be devoted to the strategic active defense systems, mainly against the Iranian threat. This will probably be indicated by attributing relatively low priority to acquiring tactical defense systems such as Iron Dome. According to various assessments, around 20 such batteries will be needed in order to provide proper defense in the north and the south, costing in excess of NIS 1 billion. Full deployment of such batteries is not expected to be implemented in the foreseeable future, with the many considerations always including the discrepancy between the high cost of the interception missile (tens of thousands of dollars for each) and the negligible cost of the attacking rocket. Thus, it is reasonable to expect that the IDF will be limited in terms of acquiring the new tactical defense system and will prefer to view it as a means of providing a deterrent, limiting damage – particularly with regard to national infrastructures – and enhancing the population’s sense of security, rather than as a full defense solution.
  • The economic consideration – or the order of priorities, to be determined by the government – will also apparently be decisive with regard to distribution of defense kits. Even though the media reported that the operation will be completed within three years, it has not yet been fully budgeted and as of now the kits can be distributed to no more than two thirds of the population. Declarations create an optimistic image that impact on the public’s perception of the leadership’s degree of commitment to provide it with the protection it deserves. Exposure of a significant gap between words and actual deeds with regard to protection of the home front is liable to generate mistrust in this crucial area, and lead to a negative effect on the Israel’s social robustness. The absence or deferment of realization of the plans will not only harm the physical defense capabilities but also public morale and the ability to confront the real situation successfully by optimizing social resilience, which is measured by society’s ability to resume a normal routine quickly following traumatic events. Increasing resilience requires constant investment, particularly during times of calm.
  • This leads to a final and crucial reservation: assembling the home front’s defense system is not only a technical matter of constructing and deploying active and passive defense means. In essence, it addresses the establishment of an image and positions of the general public that will have to contend with a supreme and direct test during a war. The words and actions of the leadership, on a national level and to no lesser a degree on a local level, also during periods of calm, directly impact on the public’s resilience and ability to cope with the expected challenges. In order to convey this matter consider the definitions of Leonard Marcus and Barry Dorn from Harvard University, who developed a triangular model of meta-leadership for preparing the public for emergency situations: meta-leaders assume responsibility for leading in emergency situations, meta-leaders generate social (community) strength, and meta-leaders coordinate their work and their positions with the other parties working on building up the home front and directing it in emergency situations. As long as it is not understood and inculcated in Israel on a national level and local authority level that active, committed, and reliable meta-leadership is the principal means of establishing civil robustness, the incremental technological leap in developing civil defense systems will not be fully realized

The Shiite Lebanese are fleeing Hezbollah’s ministate – International Analyst Network

January 21, 2010

The Shiite Lebanese are fleeing Hezbollah’s ministate – International Analyst Network.

Elias Youssef Bejjani
21 Jan 2010
The war news and ongoing widespread rumors about an imminent, unprecedented, devastating, unconventional and massive Israeli attack against Hezbollah, Iran and Syria are causing very serious and extensive contagious public moods of tension, anxiety and fear among the Lebanese Shiite community.
Apparently, there is a huge gap of confidence and trust between Hezbollah’s leadership’s imaginary allegations of power and the Shiite residents of its cantons and ministate.
Hezbollah’s Party General Secretary Sheik Hassan Nasrallah, his deputy, Sheik Naem Qassim, as well as numerous high ranging party’s officials very close to Nasrallah have been lately uttering almost on a daily basis bold empty rhetorical threats to annihilate Israel, defeat and humiliate its worldwide reputable, strong and highly efficient military apparatus, change the region’s face, and impose a new pro-Syrian and -Iranian resistance status quo in the Middle East in any upcoming war with the Jewish state.
Nasrallah’s sickening and high pitched bragging of Hezbollah’s military powers, both offensive and deterring, are not bought or swallowed by the majority of his own Shiite community. How could they take his delusional rhetoric seriously when they had suffered vast and enormous losses in both lives and property during the 2006 war that Hezbollah instigated through kidnapping and killing members of an Israeli army border patrol?
How could they believe Nasrallah’s big lie of the so called “divine victory”, in that war when they had lived for 33 days in an actual hell and almost one million of them were displaced and forced to take refuge in schools, government buildings, churches, mosques, parks, hospitals and roads, while Nasrallah and his party’s top notch leadership were hiding in their fortified underground bunkers.
The Kuwaiti daily Al-Seyassah unveiled in a report published today that Hezbollah and its armed ally, the Shiite Amal Movement, are secretly but firmly and seriously trying through both force, and persuasion to hold back the massive fleeing of the Shiite community members from Hezbollah’s ministate stronghold located in the suburbs of Beirut.
The daily report quoted anonymous political resources, members in the eighth of March coalition spearheaded by Hezbollah, saying that a large Hezbollah – Amal military scale campaign is proceeding to stop the fleeing process.
Those fleeing are mainly heading either to Syria or to the Shiite Bekaa Valley towns and villages adjacent to the Syrian borders. It is worth mentioning that during the 2006 war, the almost one million Shiites who were forced to flee south Lebanon and the Hezbollah mini-state in the suburbs of Beirut were welcomed and hosted by the Druze, Sunni Muslim and Christian regions of Chouf, Alley, Beirut, Sidon, Tripoli, Kesrwan, Baabda, Jbiel, Zahlie and many other Lebanese cities.
According to the Al-Seyassah report, the hospitability situation at the present time is extremely different and the Druze, Sunni, Christian cities that suffered Hezbollah’s bloody invasions of May 2008 are no longer welcoming the Shiites. Many stressed and scared Shiite families living in Beirut’s southern suburbs (Hezbollah’s mini-state) and its surrounding areas are calling friends and relatives in Syria and many European countries to rent apartments for them.
The report said that Shiite migration to Europe, Africa and Latin American countries where there are large Shiite communities has hit a record high since the beginning of last December.
Meanwhile, Israel has made it very clear that its military response to any Hezbollah missile attack will be devastating, crippling and that Lebanon’s entire public institutions, infrastructure, and army will be targeted. The Israeli leadership officially warned the Lebanese government several times lately that it will be accountable for any Hezbollah offenses after members of this terrorist Iranian organization were given ministerial portfolios.
The beating of war drums is very serious in both Lebanon and Israel as well as in Syria and Iran. Numerous reliable sources in Paris, New York, Cairo, Amman, Tel Aviv and Lebanon strongly believe that the war is inevitable and will take place within a few months.
Lebanon’s Prime Minister Saad Hariri expressed yesterday his fear of a possible Israeli operation against Lebanon in an interview published on by the French newspaper Le Monde. Hariri said: “We fear an Israeli operation. Last week, 25 over flights for the Israeli fighter jets were recorded in one day”.
Officials from the USA, EU, Turkey, Egypt, and many other Arab countries have been warning Lebanon of an Israeli invasion if Hezbollah continues to stockpile weapons. Israel’s military revealed on Monday that among this huge weaponry are Syrian-built missiles equipped with chemical war heads with ranges that could reach all Israeli cities.
Reiterating and stressing what was stated in my previous editorial of January 18/10: The Free World must be aware that the Lebanese people alone can no longer stop Hezbollah from taking over the whole country, topple its free and democratic regime and replace it by a replica of the Iranian mullah’s Islamic republic. The Free World and the moderate Arab countries must come to Lebanon’s rescue because Hezbollah, the Iranian terrorist army, threatens not only Lebanon, but also all the Arab countries and nations of the Free World. All these countries should understand that by helping Lebanon they will be helping themselves, because the same inferno that is now consuming Lebanon will reach them soon if not extinguished in Lebanon and the lunatic arsonist, Hezbollah, is disabled.

Naharnet Newsdesk – Report: Israel to Strike Iran in March, Lebanon Could Get Involved

January 20, 2010

Naharnet Newsdesk – Report: Israel to Strike Iran in March, Lebanon Could Get Involved.

Report: Israel to Strike Iran in March, Lebanon Could Get Involved
Diplomatic sources haven’t ruled out to al-Liwaa newspaper Lebanon’s involvement in a possible war between Israel and Iran.

The sources told the daily that the Jewish state is planning in coordination with the U.S. to strike Iranian nuclear states next March.

Israel and the U.S. will not allow Iran to put into operation its nuclear project, the diplomat said, adding that the Jewish state’s seven-member inner cabinet has given the green light for the attack.

The sources didn’t rule out the involvement of Lebanon and the Gaza strip in the war, in response to the Israeli attack.

Last week, Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak warned Hizbullah to “avoid entering in conflict with us.”

“We need to constantly prepare for a change in the status quo, though we don’t know when it will occur,” he said. “We don’t want for it to happen, and it might not, but we will not be afraid to react if we have to fight back.”

Top U.S. general David Petraeus also said earlier this month that Washington has developed contingency plans to address Iran’s nuclear ambitions if negotiations falter.

Petraeus, who heads U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) that oversees the Middle East, told CNN that Iran’s nuclear facilities “certainly can be bombed,” even though they are reported to be heavily fortified.

U.S.: Iran reply to nuclear deal is inadequate

January 19, 2010

U.S.: Iran reply to nuclear deal is inadequate – Haaretz – Israel News.

Iran has formally rejected key parts of a deal to send abroad for processing most of its material that could be used to make nuclear arms, diplomats said, a response the United States rejected as inadequate

Diplomats said Iran’s position, given in writing to the International Atomic Energy Agency, echoed two months of verbal calls for amendments to the deal that Western powers dismissed as non-starters but said did not amount to a final response.

Under the deal, Iran would transfer stocks of low-enriched uranium abroad and in return receive fuel for a medical research reactor. The deal aimed to minimize the risk of Iran refining the material to a grade suitable for a weapon.

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In Washington, State Department spokesman P.J. Crowley said Iran’s response was inadequate.

“I am not sure that they have delivered a formal response but it is clearly an inadequate response,” he told reporters. “I am not sure that whatever they have done, perhaps today, is any different than what they have done previously.”

Iran’s failure to meet an effective U.S. deadline of Dec. 31 to accept the plan devised in October by then-IAEA chief Mohamed ElBaradei has prompted six world powers to start considering possible tougher sanctions against Tehran.

“This written position is a non-event because it’s nothing new, it just makes official what the Iranians have been saying (through the media),” said a Western diplomat, who like others asked for anonymity due to political sensitivities.

Another Vienna-based diplomat said Iran had conveyed a written answer to the IAEA and the United States, France and Russia, the other parties to the draft deal, earlier this month after three months of delay.

Officials at the UN nuclear watchdog agency in Vienna had no immediate comment. Iran’s IAEA envoy could not be reached.

The fuel plan was meant to allay suspicions Tehran wants to develop atomic bombs, rather than generate electricity, from uranium enrichment by having Iran ship around 70 percent of its low-enriched uranium stockpile abroad for further refinement and conversion into fuel to keep a medical reactor running.

The United States and its Western allies have been pushing for a fourth round of UN sanctions. But with Russia, and especially China, skeptical of any new UN penalties, they have to tread carefully to maintain six power unity on how to deal with the Islamic Republic.

A meeting Saturday of senior diplomats from the six powers focused on possible new sanctions but participants said it reached no agreement.

Concerns include Iran’s refusal to heed UN Security Council demands that it freeze its enrichment program; fears that it may be hiding more nuclear facilities after its belated revelations that it was building a secret fortified enrichment plant, and its stonewalling of an IAEA probe of alleged programs geared to developing nuclear arms.