WarSclerotic

The Obama administration imposed new sanctions Monday on Iran and its nuclear program, targeting the country’s currency and auto industry and seeking to render Iranian money useless outside the country.

The executive order from U.S. President Barack Obama broadens a sanctions campaign aimed at crippling Iran’s economy, forcing it to comply with international demands that it prove its nuclear program is peaceful. The U.S. believes Iran is pursuing nuclear weapons, a charge that Iran denies.

“Even as we intensify our pressure on the Iranian government, we hold the door open to a diplomatic solution that allows Iran to rejoin the community of nations if they meet their obligations. However, Iran must understand that time is not unlimited,” said White House press secretary Jay Carney, adding that more sanctions would come if the regime did not change course.

The effect of U.S. sanctions has been a major issue in Iran ahead of the June 14 election to choose a replacement for term-limited President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Senior administration officials said the timing of the sanctions was not related to the upcoming elections.

The new sanctions marked the first time Iran’s currency, the rial, has been targeted directly, the White House said. The sanctions apply to foreign financial institutions that buy or sell significant amounts of the rial, as well as to those who hold significant amounts of the currency in accounts outside Iran.

The hope is that banks and businesses holding Iranian currency will dump the funds, making the rial weaker. Its value has dropped by half since the start of 2012, the White House said.

Officials would not specify what constitutes a “significant” transaction. The officials were not authorized to speak on the record about the sanctions and spoke on condition of anonymity.

Another set of sanctions ban the sale or transfer of goods or services to be used in Iran’s auto manufacturing sector. Officials said the auto sector is a key source of revenue for the regime. Many of the auto parts and components from subsidiaries are dual-use and can be used in centrifuges or missiles.

Also subject to penalties will be anyone who provides material support to Iranians and others who have been blacklisted under previous U.S. sanctions. An exception will be made for some activities related to a pipeline project to move natural gas from Azerbaijan to Europe and Turkey.

The appetite has been growing in Congress for even tougher measures against Iran, fueled in part by lawmakers’ concerns about key U.S. ally Israel, which considers a nuclear-armed Iran to be an existential threat.

“The clock is clearly ticking,” Secretary of State John Kerry said while on a visit to Israel in May.

The U.S. has already targeted other major sectors, most prominently Iranian oil exports, and last week targeted Iranian petrochemicals, the largest source of funding for Iran’s nuclear program after oil.

Although Iranian officials have tried to downplay the effectiveness of the U.S. efforts, the Obama administration says they have had crippling effects. Crude oil production in Iran has fallen about 700,000 barrels per day since 2012, the White House said last week, and exports have dropped even more dramatically, costing Iran about $3 billion to $5 billion in revenue.

The damage inflicted to Iran’s economy has forced the U.S. to strike a careful balance between isolating Iran’s hard-line government and making life uncomfortable for those who live under its rule. To that end, the U.S. last week eased restrictions on exports of advanced communications equipment to Iranian civilians, aiming to help Iranians interact with the outside world and shed light on what U.S. officials described as the regime’s oppressive attempts to stifle dissent.